Dawes Severalty Act 1887 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Dawes Severalty Act 1887 - Essay Example The individuals who lived in reservations were additionally recognized as Indians (Tripathy, 2006, pp.318-319). The pilgrim state gave rules to evaluate the â€Å"Indianness† of a person for the motivations behind giving awards or land assignments (Tripathy, 2006, p.318). In 1887, the legislature passed the Dawes Severalty Act 1887 (hereinafter called the Act), which intended to partition Indian terrains into individual or family-possessed bundles of grounds and this included distinguishing who the Indians were, so they could be qualified for land distribution. This exposition intends to depict and to survey the Act, as for its effect on American Indians, explicitly the Cherokees. The Dawes Severalty Act 1887, otherwise called the General Allotment Act, delineated strategies that planned to isolate mutual Native American regions into individual or family-possessed properties (Native Americas, 1997, p.20). Government operators were accountable for these designations. This metho dology opened around 90% of Indian land to non-Indian settlement (Native Americas, 1997, p.20). In various examples, the legislature paid Indians a for each capita portion of these grounds' business value (Native Americas, 1997, p.20). ... The Cherokees had not been incredibly influenced by the Act from the start, albeit sweeping negative outcomes molded their social and political associations as well. The constructive outcomes of the arrangement are that it arranged families and kids to consider themselves ranchers and landowners, and it likewise permitted legitimate land naming. Reformers needed Indians to live as ranchers and landowners, so they could fit into the farming business of that time (Native Americas, 1997, p.20). Sadly, the possibility of â€Å"the Jeffersonian yeoman image† became â€Å"outdated† during the late nineteenth century, when America quickly industrialized (Native Americas, 1997, p.20). Another constructive outcome of the Act is that it permitted appropriate land naming (Native Americas, 1997, p.20). It was simpler for the legislature to apportion grounds to private proprietors, rather than regarding enormous bundles of land as common Indian domains. The Act, be that as it may, h ad more negative than beneficial outcomes. The Act broke innate governments and family relations and came about to decrease of Indian regions. In the first place, the Act broke conventional more distant family relations, since families needed to live far away from one another. Innate pioneers needed to leave behind a portion of their spouses and kids, since their territories were isolated among their youngsters and wives (Native Americas, 1997, p.20). Second, the Act likewise diminished the job and intensity of ancestral governments (Native Americas, 1997, p.20). The Bureau of Indian Affairs' distributions underscored that approaches like the Dawes Act expected to abridge the elements of ancestral pioneers and to upgrade the political intensity of the state over Indians. Third, the Act just opened numerous terrains to be possessed by the

Managing Teams

The conduct brain research of a cutting edge man is that just as the individual gets together with his colleagues in gatherings and associations would he be able to want to control the political, financial, and social powers that compromise his individual opportunity (Hersey, 1996, p. 359). One of the real factors of authoritative conduct is that we need to work in and with critical thinking bunches so as to achieve our yearnings.  No matter how much individual worth is accentuated, practically the entirety of the objectives must be accomplished in a gathering. It is thusly imperative to apply social science principals and ideas to overseeing groups all the more adequately. Making and overseeing groups in the work environment can prompt compelling results. Groups (formal work gatherings) are progressively seen as profitability motors and simply like motors, they require steady consideration and upkeep (Dumaine, 1994 pp. 86-92). Associations that are happy to put resources into coordinating the correct kind of group to the correct circumstance are getting extremely exceptional yields on their investments.â Success in overseeing groups relies on clear and conclusive official administration, vision, preparing just as contribution of cross-practical gathering of representatives (Hersey, 1996, p. 360). As indicated by Brian Dumaine, there are five sorts of groups: Critical thinking Teams: Identify and assault an issue and afterward disband. Supervisory groups: Coordinate work from various divisions and capacities. Work Teams: These are self-guided groups accomplishing day by day work. Virtual Teams: They quicken and utilize high innovation correspondences to trade thoughts and jobs. Quality Circles Groups: They comprise of laborers and directors who meet occasionally to address issues. Dealing with a Productive Team Achievement in making a beneficial group likewise relies on the manner in which the groups are assembled and how they draw on their encounters. It likewise relies upon how the group is planned. Groups that educated new systems rapidly share three fundamental characters. They were intended for learning; their pioneers surrounded difficulties so that colleagues were exceptionally energetic to learn; and the pioneers' conduct made a situation of mental wellbeing that cultivated correspondence and development. Another basic part of group structuring was the degree to which replacement is allowed. For that pioneers need to create conditions for colleagues, for example, building up open correspondence and creating trust a feeling of kinship. Official supervisory crew can likewise weaken the unpredictability of encompassing vital issues by giving increasingly modern examinations and far reaching arrangements just as building up a proper climate for the group since discernments become reality, comprehend and oversee them; explore the holes among observations and reality; and act unequivocally to address net misperceptions. As Douglas K. Smith recommends, â€Å"in the end, the insight of groups is inside the group itself. It isn't in making the elite association, overseeing transformational change, upholding corporate execution morals, or rousing new components of initiative. It is in a little gathering of individuals so dedicated to an option that could be bigger than them that they won't be denied† (Ward, 2007, pp. 85-90). It is essential to create groups of individuals (human asset) to satisfy objectives and targets as indicated by an organization's pioneering vision. The inner condition of any association would support and energize corporate group building arrangements, a total corporate culture and qualities to accomplish hierarchical objectives and vision. References Making and Managing Teams from organizationaldynamics.com http://sloanreview.mit.edu/x/48313 John R. Katzenbach and Douglas K. Smith, The Wisdom of Teams.

Come meet our Admissions staff to get your application questions answered COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Come meet our Admissions staff to get your application questions answered COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Where will the Columbia admissions team be in the next few weeks? Well be traveling to you, available on campus, and connecting with you online. Were coming to you! Weve been traveling around graduate fairs speaking to prospective students (shoutout to the person in Seattle who recognized our names from this blog!) and would love to chat with you at an upcoming event. The full calendar of off-campus recruiting events is available here, and below are a few highlights: Oct. 22 25: Oregon and Washington Oct. 29 Nov. 1: Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana November 6: APSIA Graduate School Fair Madrid, Spain November 7: APSIA Graduate School Fair  Paris, France November 8: APSIA Graduate School Fair  London, UK Virtual Info Sessions While you may not be in an area that we are, wed like you to know about it just in case you happen to be able to attend, or know of someone that would be interested. So for those of you who wont be in the areas were traveling too, join the Executive Director of Admissions, Grace Han, and Director of Financial Aid, David Sheridan, for a Virtual Information Session focused on the 21-month full time Master of Public Administration and Master of International Affairs programs. You will have the opportunity to ask questions via online chat. October 23, 12pm November 20, 12pm December 12, 3pm Are you coming to us in NYC? Class visits are open for this semester. You can sit in on up to two classes and get a feel for the actual SIPA experience and community (and the beauty of NYC in the fall). If youre unsure how to figure out the SIPA courses available, Julia provides a walkthrough here. You must register in advance for a class visit, so schedule it soon as spots can fill up quickly. On-campus information sessions are available every month.  Right now there are weekly info sessions for the MIA, MPA and MPA-DP programs. Youll learn about Columbia University, SIPA, our curriculum and community, and get insider application tips from admissions staff. Youll also be able to ask any questions you want about the application process. When their schedules allow, theres also an optional tour of the International Affairs Building led by a current SIPA student, who can share their SIPA experience as well.

Should Rich Countries Forgive All Debts for Poor Countries Agumentative Essay

Will Debts’ Forgiving Be Beneficial for Poor Countries? There are a lot of questions humankind is searching an answer to for many years, but still with no results. â€Å"How come someone is rich and someone is poor?† is one of them. There can be a general explanation for this, when it comes to people – someone works harder, others have a better background, some simply were in the right place at the right time. It is way harder to explain why some countries are wealthier than others. But the scheme of interaction between them is very similar to how rich and poor people interact. Loaning money is part and parcel of these relations. Generally speaking, wealth plays the role of world judge nowadays: it determines the strongest, correlates relations between two parties; it became the factor of natural selection, like physical power was centuries ago. Forgiving the debts will totally dismiss that factor and interfere in the natural state of things. What can one offer to affect somebody’s position in a society, or, on a global scale, country’s position in the world, instead of money? There were attempts to find the way to change money’s importance, but we all know they failed – history is the fairest judge. Of course, for less lucky market payers there always were and will be so to say â€Å"discount programs† – credits on favorable terms like lower interest rates, or longer payback periods. Actually, terms become more and more preferential, as the world turns to be more democratic. With all that said, I think total dismissing of the debts that poor countries owe to rich nations will ruin the normal state of things and natural selection that shows us who is stronger.

Civil Disobedience And The Apartheid - 1428 Words

Throughout history, civil disobedience has been used to bring about change across a wide variety of civil rights issues. In India, Mahatma Gandhi used civil disobedience to nonviolently protest against the British Raj and, after a thirty-year struggle, earn independence both for himself and his people. In the United States, Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. employed civil disobedience to overcome both the Jim Crow laws that had oppressed the African-American minority and the systemic racism that was once prevalent in the Southern United States. In South Africa, Nelson Mandela utilized civil disobedience to lead an anti-apartheid revolution to combat the apartheid system that systemically discriminated against the black inhabitants of South Africa. All three of these exemplary men have earned a Nobel Peace Prize for their efforts (the prize was not awarded in 1948 because â€Å"there was no suitable living candidate†, a tribute to Gandhi who was recently assassinated). Although v iolence could have been used to combat these civil rights violations, all three of these individuals chose not to resort to violence, in favor of a more amicable alternative: civil disobedience. Furthermore, all three of these cases help to demonstrate that in democratic societies, civil disobedience is both a necessary and effective tool that brings about deliberated change in both governmental and/or social systems without inciting violence. Civil disobedience is effective as a tool to bring about socialShow MoreRelatedLessons in Civil Disobedience828 Words   |  4 Pagesto its effectiveness, individualism, and past history of the world that has made immense progress. It is important to notice that if civil disobedience was not effective, then it would not be continually used to disobey the law. In The Role of Civil Disobedience in Democracy† by Kayla Starr, she explains why we have the right to participate in civil disobedience. â€Å"The U.S. Bill of Rights asserts that the authority of a government is derived from the consent of the governed, and whenever any formRead MoreCivil Disobedience And Deliberative Democracy1550 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Civil disobedience encompasses the refusal to obey governmental laws or orders. This concept that is well known in the context of South African history. There are many examples present throughout history, especially in the new constitutional era, such as fees must fall. In this essay I will consider this concept of civil disobedience, especially in a South African context as well as considering a quote by Jurgen Habermas in an article by William Smith titled Civil Disobedience and DeliberativeRead MoreWhat Makes A Breach Of Law An Act Of Civil Disobedience?1383 Words   |  6 Pagesact of civil disobedience? When is civil disobedience morally justified?† These are the basic questions that are asked when dealing with civil disobedience. According to John Rawls, civil disobedience is a nonviolent breach of laws by the public in order to reform or change laws or government policies. But Rawls’ concept of civil disobedience is too narrow. This raises many questions. Why sho uld civil disobedience be non-violent? Why does the public play a large role in civil disobedience? This paperRead MoreMahatma Gandhi, Martin Luther King, and Nelson Mandela1504 Words   |  7 Pagesbetween passive acceptances and armed struggle. Non-violence way to participate in the social and political change is including nonviolent civil disobedience against, acts of civil disobedience or other powerful influence uncooperative antagonistic form; it is similar with pacifism, but it is not pacifism. Since the mid-20th century, non-violence and civil disobedience become the main form of social change, and it also is respected political and social philosophy. As the practice of social and politicalRead MoreCivil Disobedience, By Henry David Thoreau1650 Words   |  7 Pagesweakness? In his 1849 essay â€Å"Civil Disobedience,† American writer Henry David Thoreau explained he had refused to pay his poll tax to the U.S. government for six years because he opposed the U.S. engaged in war with Mexico. This kind of â€Å"civil disobedience,† Thoreau (1849) said, is crucial because â€Å"a minority is powerless while it conforms to the majority; it is not even a minority then†. In fact, he said, â€Å"It costs me less in every sense to incur the penalty of disobedience to the State than it wouldRead MoreLauren Creque. Mrs. Lucius. English 10 Honors. 24 April1473 Words   |  6 PagesLauren Creque Mrs. Lucius English 10 Honors 24 April 2017 Civil disobedience: Nelson Mandela There are a lot of people in this world that have made change. One of those people is Nelson Mandela. Nelson Mandela created change in this world through civil disobedience by bringing South Africa out of apartheid. Nelson Mandela (His birth name is Rolihlahla) on July 18, 1918 in a South African village called Mvezo. He went to a local missionary school where it is not rare for teachers to giveRead MoreA Peaceful Revolution : Mahatma Gandhi1088 Words   |  5 Pagesthrough nonviolent resistance. The mood of the Gandhian era was determined due to the fact that Gandhi had his heart set on giving his civilization a goal to find peace. All his satyagrahi followers were determined to achieve freedom through civil disobedience. Gandhi’s movements and campaigns were all executed through passive resistance. Philosophers thought Gandhi was naive for believing peace and nonviolence would conquer all, but Gandhi’s ideas and movements served as a catalyst for his satyagrahiRead More Nelson Mandela Essay examples1070 Words   |  5 Pagesus will have to pass through the valley of the shadow of death again and again before we reach the mountain top of our desires†. These are the wor ds of a man, Nelson Mandela, who fought for something that many would shy away from. He led the anti-apartheid movement, became the president of the African National Congress Youth League, and later became the president of South Africa winning the Nobel Peace Prize. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;1942 started Nelson Mandela’s participation in the racial oppressionRead MoreMartin Luther King, And Nelson Mandela1678 Words   |  7 Pagesending segregations, and believes equal rights for blacks across the United States. Martin Luther King’s practice of nonviolence is directly borrowed from Thoreau s work of Civil Disobedience and Nonviolent Resistance, King even commented on the use of nonviolence by saying, â€Å"The teachings of Thoreau came alive in our civil rights movement.† In conclusion, Martin Luther King can be considered a transcendental thinker due to the philosophies he created, the Triple Evil philosophy and Six PrinciplesRead MoreMohandas Gandhi and Nelson Mandela746 Words   |  3 Pagesleader of Indias independence movement, organizing boycotts against British institutions in peaceful forms of civil disobedience, in 1948. As a nationalist leader he studied law in London and England, but in 1893 went to South Africa, where he spent 20 years opposing discriminatory legislation against Indians. As a pioneer of Satyagraha, or resistance through mass non-violent civil disobedience, he became one of the major political and spiritual leaders of his time. Satyagraha remains one of his most

English Oral Text Free Essays

Where have you been? We have not seen each other for two years. ‘ miss you a lot. A:Ooh! C didn’t tell you? ‘ have to move that weekend because my father has transferred to other place and he needs to start his work immediately. We will write a custom essay sample on English Oral Text or any similar topic only for you Order Now ‘ try to look for you on the last day but there was nobody in your house. B:At that time,’ was on vacation with my family at Singapore. C Just informed to me after I came back from loudly. Let felt so bad because I couldn’t meet you to say goby. A:But,when I think back about it,’ think maybe it is better to go without saying goodbye. At least,we don’t need to say goodbye and feel sad. B:Yeah! That’s true. Hey,do you live here? A:Yes. Lam living here,This is my hometown. By the way,do you have a phone number? B:Yeah! Of course. Do you want it? A:Yup. So we will be keep in touch after this. B. Okay. Give me your phone because I need your phone number too. A:Sure. Here is it. B:Okay. L got it. Let’s done. A:So,what are you doing here? B:Ooh,l was on a school trip for three days and two nights. Today is our last day here. A:Wow,that’s fun. Well,what are you going to do now? B:’ want to buy some souvenirs for my family and friends. How about you? What are school. ‘ want to thank her for her sacrifice. Anyway,let me help you with it. ‘ know the best souvenir’s shop here. B:Well,that is a good idea. A:’ also want you to try ‘Alaska’,the famous local dish here. Let’s absolutely very appetizing if you take it with a bowl of BBC. B:Wow,that sound interesting. Shall we go now? A:Yeah,this way. The shop is over there. Let’s go! EXAM FAA : Haw, Sahara our exam is Just around the corner? Have you prepared? Sahara : Yes, I am. I have my own time table and I follow it carefully so then I have many time for study. Btw have you prepared? Flash : 50/50 I think. I want to achieve my target that is sea’s but I don’t assured. Sahara : Fyi, I Just tell my parent about my time table, if I forgot they will remember me. I know our class teacher give us many haw but I did it one by one as long I don’t delay it. Flash : Wow :O don’t you feel uncontrollable with that time table? Sahara : Sometime I feel like that too but I catch up again. All we need is our attempt and support from our family. Flash : Thanks Sahara I will tried start from today. One more thing friend, how you study at home? Just read reference book or Just do exercise book. I Just read reference book, if I do exercise book I Just do a few then I felt lazy and put it away. Sahara : No Flash you can’t do like that, if you want to achieve your target you should attempt. Like me I do that two way to be more better. Flash : Oh I see! You great Sahara. I should fast, you are in the front. Btw I GTAG, thank for the info really appreciate and I hope I’ll be like you. Sahara : Haw its okay, I really enjoy talk with you BTW later we can had a study group together bye, make sure arrange your time table carefully 🙂 A friend that change school A : Hey guys! Long time no see. I missed you guys a lot! B : We’re too babe! 😀 So bored when you not with us at school. C : Absolutely freaking boring you know? Well, here you are the one that always cheer us up. So how your life in hostels? A : Whoa! Whoa! I miss you guys a lot too 😀 First week I feel like â€Å"Mama, take me back home! So lonely there. I’m too awkward to speak with others and them too. But now everything was fine. B : Hawaii pity you! 😛 That’s why I said don’t you ever moving to other school. Our school are good what, everything was perfect. C : Agree B! Don’t you feel like want school here back? A : Of course I want school here back! But wha t should I do? Everything is my mama decision. I still loves our school and you know what? I cried when remember our memory together. B : Whoa same goes with me! Haw 😀 I cried when realizes that you no longer with us. C : What? You too B? You always imitate me 😛 A, when we walk, we always talk to you pretend that you’re here. A : You’re guys make me proud to have a bestrides like you 😀 Don’t worry every weekend, I’ll be home. Just came to my house. B : Nah it’s not same okay. C : So A, who’s your friends there? A : Relax B, long time later you’ll be okay without me. My friends there? Me, her mama is D. She’s a talkative girl that always make me laugh. B C : Him okay VACATION A very good morning to our English teacher Pin Numismatists, and fellow friends. Today my group and I would like to act out a dialogue with the title VACATION. Now before I start allow me to introduce my group that is Barium, Gaskin and myself Mira. Mira: (1st day of school after the summer holidays) Hi ABA Hi siskin how was your holiday guys? ABA : It was great. My family went to Pula Language which is known as the Jewel of Asked. We visited many tourist attractions. Some of my favorite spots are the Bird Park, The crocodile farm and The Underwater world. We also got the chance to visit Masseur’s grave. While we were there I saw a painting of Mashers. Do you guys know the reason why Mashers is special? Gaskin: No I don’t, why is Mashers so special? Mira: I heard that Mashers was a pregnant woman who was sentence to death for eating the kings precious fruits right. ABA: Well it is true about that but that’s only half of it. Like you said she is a pregnant woman that was sentence to death and legend had said the day of her prosecution she had prayed to god never to let Pula Language to be modernized before her seventh generation was born. Since then Language was never modernized until it is said that Masseur’s seventh generation was born, but enough about me how was your summer holiday Siskin? Gaskin: Oh how interesting. My holiday however was not as interesting as yours did but to me it was the most memorable. We went to visit my grandmother at my mother’s hometown in a small village situated at Amelia. My grandmother has a garden there and the time was right because the fruits have fully ripened. She grew many fruits there like Durian, Mangos and Managements. It feels like an island paradise there especially after we finished harvesting the fruits and that’s how my vacation went. So how was yours Mira? Mira: Your vacation sounds tons of fun ABA and you to Sick. Well for my vacation my parent’s brought us to Cameron highlands where we stayed at Strawberry Park Resort. When we arrived at Cameron it was raining and the temperature there is way cooler than here and you could hardly imagine how it was at night we went there for 3 days 2 nights. On the day that we arrived in Cameron we went to check in the hotel and rest because we were tired after staying in the car for 4 hours. The second day of the trip to Cameron we went to see many places some of my favorites are the Tea farm, Strawberry farm and the Lavender park. It was so nice there at the tea farm we could smell the scent of tea all around us. While at the strawberry farm we could hand pick the strawberries ourselves and we got to taste many types of food made out of strawberry. There was strawberry ice cream, strawberry dipped in chocolate and there were even strawberry muffins with strawberry toppings and large chunks of real strawberries in it. Well while at the lavender farm we got to smell lavender, buy lavender perfume and lavender Hampton other than that we also got to buy lavender flowers. Well that’s my vacation and Oh before I forget guys come to my class during recess. I have something to give to you guys. (The bell rings time to go to class)OK then that’s the bell I better get going don’t want to be late for class. Bye guys see you during recess. ABA Asking: (together) K bye see you during recess. B: Good morning, Sherry! A : You look so beautiful today! You buy a new down coat? B: Haw! Yes, yes. I went shopping last Sunday! You know there were so many beautiful clothes discounting! A: Really? Oh, what a pity! I’m so busy these days and eave no time going out! B: In fact , I nearly can’t stand so cold day in Hairpin. You know I am a new comer, and the weather here hard to suit for me! I almost fear to go outside and stay in the dormitory all day long . But now, I have this down coat and also a hat and a scarf. So I can go out to play. A: I am sorry to hear that . Four years ago when I came here the first year, I’m also feel so cold to go out. Gradually I used to it. Take it easy, today I listened to the radio and it said in the next few days it will be worming up. B:Oh,Let is so grateful ! A: Oh, Annie, do you find these days the price of goods , for example vegetables, pork ND so on, has so sharp drop.? What’s your opinion about this fact? B: I think the financial crisis in the United States has affected China Under the condition of economic globalization, no country has a narrow escape in this crisis. A: I think so.. L heard that a quantity of goods in China exported to America. Just because the crisis happened in the USA, a lot of enterprises in the coastal areas of China go bankrupt and then many people lose their Jobs. I am afraid that we will have some difficulty to find a suitable Job in the next year. B: What a terrible thing it is! In today’s newspaper, I learned that at the end of this year , about one hundred million college students cannot find a Job. And the next year , there will be six hundred college students graduated. So you can imagine the way to find a ideal Job for us will be a hardships. A: He! Maybe the topic we have today is too sad. B: Ye. Don’t too worry about it now . The only thing we can do is to work harder and try to learn more things appropriate to social application. And the government will also take actively steps to stimulate more Job opportunities. A: K! Let’s correctly face opportunities and challenges in the future. B:Yes. OK! Let’s coordinate our efforts! How to cite English Oral Text, Papers

Why College Sports should be Eliminated in College Essay Example Essay Example

Why College Sports should be Eliminated in College Essay Example Paper Why College Sports should be Eliminated in College Essay Introduction The image of college athletes has become heavily stereotyped. And more often than not, these stereotypes are presented through jokes especially in movies. We see college athletes (more commonly known as â€Å"jocks†) exhibits exceptional physical capabilities but below average intelligence. Even though these kind of jokes exist, people very rarely question why sports and college are so interconnected. College and sports appear to be inseparable twin brothers inside the psyche of the public. This paper recognizes the lack of skepticism in the relationship of college and sports. Sports should be eliminated in college and academic institutions should focus more on academics nonetheless. Setting up this argument is indeed a difficult task. Since the time of ancient learning, academics and sports find their way to intersect each other. If we would review history, Greek intellectuals and Greek sports (like in the early olympics) was just as popular as each other. However, the balanc e was somehow became lopsided over the centuries. Championships in college sports became the object of glory of universities. In the colleges of today, a high-scoring baller would have an exponentially larger admirers than a scholar who propose a new theory of the origin of the universe. This lopsidedness also adds to the reasons why the existence of sports in the academic community should be challenged. Why College Sports should be Eliminated in College Essay Body Paragraphs But of course, college sports is not all negative aspects. Actually, there are many strong positive points to college sports that made it indispensable in the academe: Good health and an active lifestyle is of course on the side of maintaining college, Winning championships of course will give pride to the students and the school gets a positive reputation, The virtues attributed to sports like sportsmanship, perseverance, determination, etc are of course good for building one’s character, Exceptional ballers gets the coveted chance to play on the professional level, The list go on and on. But what most people do not see in these items is that these things are not all positive. Moreover, it should be noted that these items are not and should not be the priority of a learning institution. College Sports as a Distraction to the Academics It is common in universities that they require their college athletes to maintain a certain grade point average. Failing to meet these requirem ents would often result to the prohibition for the college athlete to join the athletics team. That is with the thinking that the failing college athlete would focus more on his or her studies. This is what the public knows about the system. This arrange is like one big open secret in the world of college sports. Of course there are exceptional athletes but hopeless in their studies. Would coaches let their best players off the team just because of a failing grade point average? That is very unlikely and uncharacteristic of coaches. People would not think its impossible if â€Å"under the table† arrangements are practiced among coaches and teachers. However it may sound offensive, it is just not that convincing that every college athlete maintains the required grade point average, especially the top scorers for the time. One often overlooked issue is the time that college athletics require. And the large amount of time that college sports demand does not only apply to the stu dent, but also to the other constituents of the school like the cheerleaders, student audiences, even the teachers when their team is about to play a game. College athletes would have to practice a lot, or else their coaches would tell them that they would be unable to win a game. This kind of thinking would undeniably take away a considerable amount of time from the student athlete. And as we know of student life, the time spent in practicing could have been the very precious time spent reviewing a lesson. One of the most distracting cons of college sports would be injuries. If a player got physically injured in a game, his or her physical condition would not be a hundred percent in the classroom (that is if an injured player manages to walk to his or her classroom). A discussion on college athletics would perhaps give us a deeper look in the issue. The speakers were Bill Thierfelder and Murray Sperber. Both of the speakers were college athletes, coaches, and currently educators th emselves. Thierfelder had come up with a helpful description of college athletics as a distraction to academics. He described college athletics as an â€Å"artificial environment† (Schalin 2008). He added that within this â€Å"artificial environment† either good or bad could be inculcated in the minds of the college athletes, depending on the the character of who is directing that particular environment. The directors of the said environment would be of course the coaches, the athletic department, administrators, and even teachers. The issue that was surfaced in Thierfelder’s view is that most of the time, the directors of the said environment are fixated on the thought of winning. These directors are like to go by all means to achieve victory, regardless of its ethical repercussions or the well-being of the college students. Thierfelder added that the directors should be held accountable for the consequences of their methods just as they are savoring the glory of winning with those who actually participate in sports, the student players. On the other hand, in line with Thierfelder, Sperber argued that college sports has detached from its former purity and integrity. He argued that college sports is becoming more and more corrupted and commercialized in the present era. To support his point, he used the first intercollegiate contest to be ever held. The said contest was a rowing contest between Harvard and Yale during the 1830’s. Sperber pointed out that the early intercollegiate sports were not designed to advertise branded shoes. The interesting part is when he shared that corruption in college athletic was ever present since it was originated. Sperber said that there were â€Å"ringers† in both teams. The term â€Å"ringer† simply means a good athlete who has no direct connection to the schools. The ringers were not students but rather some good player they asked to play for them. In much simpler terms Sperber just wanted to say that cheating was already present ever since the first intercollegiate games was played. Ethical Issues Ethical issues were already touched by the previous segment, but this particular part of the paper will throw the harder punches. As stated earlier commercialization had became a blemish in the image of college sports. Dishonesty is also becoming more and more prevalent. The main problem is that these issues are rarely addressed. Cheating is also becoming more and more inseparable with the mention of college sports. There have been many instances wherein point-shaving of college players were committed. â€Å"Point-shaving† is a term used in the sports community to pertain to the act when players consciously underperform to make the opponent win the game. These kinds of games are known to sport enthusiasts â€Å"fixed-games.† The NABC or National Association of Basketball Coaches admits that game fixing is becoming prevalent in college basketball games. The NABC points the blame to the gambling market that the popularity of college basketball creates (NABC). The number of students who bet on games is ever considerable and still growing. The number of student â€Å"bookies† is also gaining numbers. â€Å"Bookies† are the ones who collects the bets from the gamblers who are usually the constituents of those concerned with the games, who else but the constituents of the universities themselves. Being a bookie is an ethically alarming job, especially for the students. Students should realize that their minds and character are being reared in the university. If gambling would become more and more of a problem, then immediate action is deemed necessary. Another issue that should be taken into consideration is the violence during college games. Both the college players and the fans had become entangled in the reports of violence in college sports. Even the coaches are sometimes initiator of the riots. In Myriam Miedzianâ₠¬â„¢s book â€Å"Boys Will Be Boys: Breaking the Link between Masculinity and Violence†, she tackled this issue of college sports violence. She attributed the violent actions of college players to the thinking that was embedded in their heads (Miedzian 77). College players are taught (mostly by being shouted at) to think that winning is everything and losing is never an option. When college players accept this thinking as the only way to view reality, when they lose a game, they also seem to lose their temper. Moreover , some sports would always require physical contact. Sometimes a player gets hurt, but that’s normal. The problem that arises is when the hurt player takes it as a personal offense or when the players are intentionally hurting each other. The violent behavior is at times not done by the players but by the fans on the stands. And there are times when college sports violence escalate to a more alarming rate. Just this January, a UCLA basketball player name d Kevin Love of Oregon received death threats through his cell phone. The death threat indicated killing the basketball player along with his family. But the violence did not stop there. Love did not attend the game because of the threats to him, instead his family watched the game. Dissapointed, Love’s own fans threw thrash at the player’s parents and sister. (sportsillustrated.com) Controversies NCAA players are not being paid and does not recieve any sort of payment has always been a circulating argument in college basketball. The NCAA argues that scholarship is enough compensation (ncaa.org). The problem with this is that the NCAA and the university profit from the college players through advertising. Murray Sperber also revealed that at a state university a certain basketball coach recieved two-hundred gran as a reward for recruiting a freshmen who was creating a buzz in high-school basketball. Conclusion College and sports are two very different entities, therefo re should be separated. Both means well for the students. But purpose should always be kept in mind. Universities exist to mold the minds of future leaders. If these futures leaders would busy themselves excelling in sports, or gambling in sports, we could just imagine the future this might bring. The main source of the problem could just be over-prioritizing. Learning institutions should set clear lines to contain the issue. As for the problems with college sports laid out in this paper, we are already aware of these things. The problem is that these issues are rarely addressed. College sports is entering an era wherein glory is achieved in ill methods. 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