Compare war poems Essay

Many terrible things happened in World War 1 or the Great War. For me one of the main points were the injustice of it all, how the officer class treated the young ordinary soldiers, mostly from the working class, I have chosen two poems by Siegfried Sassoon which pick up on these themes â€Å"Base Details† and â€Å"Does It Matter? † In both these poems, Sassoon uses sarcasm to magnify his feelings of both anger and frustration, and this makes both poems particularly poignant. In â€Å"Base Details†, Sassoon portrays the role of an army commander back at headquarters (â€Å"the Base†), well away from the front line. As soon as you read â€Å"Base Details you can tell how much Sassoon hates these base areas, in which the generals lay behind. The sarcasm he uses is so utterly obvious of his hatred and he shows this by using a simple rhyming scheme as if a ? Even in the title, Sassoon begins his sarcasm by punning on the word â€Å"Base† i. e. describing both the place, but also the â€Å"base† behaviour in his view of the people there. Sassoon shows his disgust for such people by portraying men who took themselves so seriously, in their bright red uniforms: â€Å"If I were fierce†¦ I’d live with scarlet Majors†¦ â€Å", but are in reality pathetic, puffing figures: â€Å"†¦ bald, and short of breath† What Sassoon particularly hated was how these pompous people sent miserable young men to die at the Front: â€Å"†¦ speed glum heroes up the line to death† Whilst they were safely tucked away at Base, eating and drinking the best of food and wine: â€Å"Guzzling and gulping in the best hotel† It was so irritating hearing the patronising words of sympathy: â€Å"†¦ poor young chap, I used to know his father well† And of course when the war was over, these officers could return safely and uninjured to England, unlike countless millions of ordinary soldiers and other officers: â€Å"And when the war is done and youth stone dead, I’d toddle safely home and die – in bed. † Every line drips with sarcasm which powerfully brings out the unfairness of how the war was conducted. This brings me to my second point, and what happened when the many injured soldiers returned to Britain, which is what is â€Å"Does it Matter? † is about. In this poem, Sassoon deals with soldiers with physical and mental injuries of all sorts. â€Å"†¦ losing your legs† â€Å"†¦ losing your sight† â€Å"†¦ those dreams from the pit† Having returned, people at home tried to be nice and understanding, but really had no appreciation of how these words would be felt as patronising and how it is to feel you are being pitied in this way. Sassoon again uses a form of sarcasm here, although less bitter than in â€Å"Base Details†. In each of the three stanzas of this poem, Sassoon asks with irony: â€Å"Does it matter? † that the soldier had such and such an injury when it clearly matters whether you have lost you legs, or sight or are going out of your mind with awful nightmares. In each case he paints a picture of how hurtful and frustrating it was for these soldiers to hear people at home almost dismiss their injuries, when they can then happily go about their own lives in a way that the soldiers cannot: â€Å"†¦ when the others come in after hunting (with legs! )† It really was so patronising, even if unintentional, to say: â€Å"There is such splendid work for the blind† Or â€Å"And people won’t say that you’re mad; For they’ll know that you fought for your country And no one will worry a bit. † It is really like saying â€Å"there, there† to a child. War is always an awful thing, and causes much misery for all concerned. In the above poems about the Great War, Sassoon focused on two aspects, the awful unfairness of how ordinary soldiers were sent to their death by useless and vain superiors, and the anguish of those who returned injured caused by the patronising pity of those at home.

Pain and Yoga Application Paper

Yoga Application Paper Kristen Sullivan Immaculata University Yoga Application Paper Originated in ancient India, Yoga typically means ‘union' between the mind, body and spirit. It involves the practice of physical postures and poses. As the name suggests, the ultimate aim of practicing Yoga is to create a balance between the body and the mind and to attain self-enlightenment. In order to accomplish it, Yoga makes use of different movements, breathing exercises, relaxation technique and meditation. Yoga is associated with a healthy and lively lifestyle with a balanced approach to life.It increases the lubrication of joints, ligaments and tendons of the body. Studies in the field of medicine suggest that Yoga is the only form of physical activity that provides complete exercise to the body, because it massages all the internal organs and glands. This in turn reduces the risk of many diseases. Yoga can create a positive permanent difference to the lifestyle of anybody practicing it on a regular basis (Weil, n. d. ). The whole system of Yoga is built on three main structures: exercise, breathing, and meditation.The exercises of Yoga are designed to put pressure on the glandular systems of the body, thereby increasing its efficiency and total health. The body is looked upon as the primary instrument that enables us to work and evolve in the world. Breathing techniques are based on the concept that breath is the source of life in the body, gently increasing breath control to improve the health and function of both body and mind. These two systems of exercise and breathing then prepare the body and mind for meditation, in turn finding an easy approach to a quiet mind that allows silence and healing from everyday stress.Regular daily practice of all three parts of this structure of Yoga produce a clear, bright mind and a strong, capable body (Weil, n. d. ). The tradition of Yoga has always been passed on individually from teacher to student through oral teaching and practical demonstration. The formal techniques that are now known as Yoga are, therefore, based on the collective experiences of many individuals over many thousands of years. The particular manner in which the techniques are taught and practiced today depends on the approach passed down in the line of teachers supporting the ndividual practitioner. As more has become known about the beneficial effects of Yoga, it has gained acceptance and respect as a valuable method for helping in the management of stress and improving health and well-being (Weil, n. d. ). A study in the journal Spine (Williams et al. , 2009) indicates the benefits of yoga as a treatment for back pain and confirms the importance of staying active when rehabilitating the spine and seeking pain relief, a point that may initially seem counterintuitive to patients but should not be lost.In the study, 90 back pain sufferers (aged 23 to 66) were split into two groups, with one group performing 90-minutes of Iyengar yoga twice a week for six months and the other maintaining their regular treatment over that time period (Williams et al. , 2009). At both the third and six months, the yoga participants noted significant improvements in both pain and functioning, and were also less likely to be depressed (Williams et al. , 2009).Pain levels were measured via questionnaires assessing the amount of pain medications being taken, difficulties performing certain tasks, and other metrics (Williams et al. , 2009). Previous studies have noted how extensive yoga programs have resulted in improvements in strength, flexibility and endurance for patients with back pain, and now this research seemingly adds more credence to the effectiveness of yoga and its emphasis on relaxation, flexibility and core strengthening as a treatment for these symptoms.While the principles of yoga may still be foreign to many people, patients should keep an open mind when exploring treatment options. While exercise may prompt init ial worries of exacerbating pain, such activities can often have wonderful therapeutic effects, not only physically but spiritually. Physical therapists, doctors of chiropractic, physiatrists and many other medical professionals may prescribe yoga programs, and are good sources to learn more about the benefits of physical activity – as opposed to immobility – for chronic back pain sufferers.A proposed plan to implement yoga as an alternative therapy and to evaluate its effectiveness could include gathering a sample group of people who are patients at a pain management practice for chronic back pain. Often these patients are on various pain medications and muscle relaxers to minimize their pain and discomfort. Of the sample group, half of the patients would be weaned off of their medications under the supervision of the doctor. This half of the sample group would then be started on a 12-week yoga program instructed by a rained yoga instructor while taking no medications . The other half of the group would continue on the current prescribed medications and given a basic stretching regimen to follow by a physical therapist. The participants will complete a questionnaire prior to beginning the study, as well as at 3 week intervals to assess their pain levels. At the end of the study the results of the questionnaires compared between the 2 groups will show if the yoga program has been effective or ineffective.This study will also show the comparison of pain levels between pain medications and the yoga program to provide information on the effectiveness of the medications. References Weil, R. (n. d. ). Yoga. Retrieved from www. medicinenet. com/yoga/article. htm Williams, K. , Abildso, C. , Steinberg, L. , Doyle, E. , Epstein, B. , Smith, D. , †¦ Cooper, L. (2009, September 1). Evaluation of the effectiveness and efficacy of Iyengar Yoga therapy on chronic low back pain. Spine, 34(19), 2066-2076. http://dx. doi. org/10. 1097/BRS. 0b013e3181b315cc

Advancement Of The Spinning Wheel History Essay

Advancement Of The Spinning Wheel History Essay A spinning wheel is a machine utilized for the conversion of fiber into yarn or thread, which is then used to make cloths (McCloskey, 1981). Its main functions are to combine fibers into a thread or yarn and then gather it in a bobbin so that it may be used as thread for the loom. It works on the principle that if you hold a bunch of fibers together and you pull a few out, the few will separate from the rest. These are pulled while being twisted at the same time hence forming a thread (Redford, 1931). The spinning wheel was invented between 500 and 1000 AD. However, the years 1400- 1800 are the ones referred to us the era of the spinning wheel (Jefferson, 1972). Unfortunately, no real spinning wheels survive from medieval times hence the only reliable evidence comes from images and records written during that time (McCloskey, 1981; North, 1979). It improved from the spindle, which was barely a stick with some weight attached. However, somewhere between 500 and 1000 A.D., An inventor turned the spindle sideways and added a pulley, which he then connected to the drive wheel. With this, the spinning wheel was ready for the work a head. Unfortunately, the merchants vehemently opposed the wheel when it hit the Western Europe markets blaming it for producing lumpy and uneven thread hence lowering the quality (Redford, 1931). There still rages a controversy about the development of this invention with some arguing that it was made in China for silk and ramie spinning while others believe that it was made later in India in order to cater for its cotton industry (McCloskey, 1981). However, spinning technology had been around for quite sometime before majority of the people embraced it and this makes it very hard to pinpoint a specific year or time and claim that is when specific improvements were done to it (Hurt, 1954). Come the 18th century the industrial revolution brought about a very big shift in the spinning industry and the mechanization of the spinning wheel be gan (McCloskey, 1981). One of the highly acclaimed inventors of the spinning wheels is Mr. James Hargreaves. Noticing an overturned spinning wheel which continued turning while the spindle was vertical, gave him the idea that several spindles could be organized to function at the same time from that position (Jefferson, 1972). Later he developed a model, which had eight spindles hence leading to increased output by his family members. News of his inventions caused his house to be attacked by jealous spinners and in the process all his machines were destroyed. Later, Mr. Hargreaves named his invention the spinning Jenny and patented the device in 1770. The spinning wheel led to higher output per person. In thread making, output increased by a factor of more than 10. With that, the production of rags and subsequently cheap paper revolutionized the printing industry (Hayek, 1954). The faster rate of spinning led to increased demand for the spinning wheels and with this agriculture was well on the way to being mechanized (Ashton, 1957). Later, Richard Arkwright’s new invention, a water- frame spinning roller was out in the year 1968.Eleven years Later in 1979, Samuel Crompton came up with a ‘spinning mule’ which was a combination of Arkwright’s water frame and Hargreaves Jenny (Hayek, 1954).

Homeless Children Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Homeless Children - Research Paper Example They are inadequately protected and are vulnerable to exploitation, victimization and their economic and civil rights are at a high risk of abuse. These children are continually neglected and abused especially due to the existing international indifferences to this problem. Homelessness denies the children their rights, according to the Article 27 of the Convention of the Rights of the Child, which declares that every child has a right to mental, physical, moral, spiritual and social development (Kanth, et al., 1-3). Homelessness is common in urban areas, domestic violence being one of the major causes. This forces women to move to the streets with their young children. The HIV and AIDS epidemic together with civil wars have led to increased number of street children in Africa because many children have been orphaned. Poverty is also another factor that has forced many families into streets, especially in the developing countries. In addition to this, effects on economic, political a nd social crises of a country also contribute to increased street children, because these effects are more severe on children than on adults (Vostanis and Cumella, 18-19). According to USAID, homeless children can be divided into four categories the first one being that of ‘A Child of the Streets’. These are children who move from place to place and have no homes or support from their families. The second category belongs to ‘A Child on the Street’. These children have homes and they regularly visit their families but spend most of their days in the streets due family issues like poverty and physical abuse at home. Then there is the category of those who are ‘Part of a Street Family’. These children live with the rest of their family members in the Streets because of displacement from their home areas. This may be due to such factors as poverty, domestic violence, natural disasters or war. The fourth category belongs to children ‘In insti tutionalized Care’. These are children who were previously homeless, but have been placed under the care of certain institutions – they are at risk of going back to the streets (Kanth, et al., 3). As Hart points out, homeless children usually have more needs and problems as compared to other housed children. Since they live in insecure places, problems related to development and physical health is common among them. This leads to developmental delay. They also experience emotional and behavioural difficulties like, eating problems, anxiety, reacting more intensely when upset, over-activity, depression, self-harm, sleep disturbance and aggression. Their academic performance is poor as a result of both the circumstances of their homelessness and poor cognitive development. Hart further explains the health status of these children being at risk, hence suffering from health problems like increased rates of respiratory infections, infectious diseases, chronic, anaemia, and sexually transmitted diseases including HIV, and stunted growth due to poor nutrition. They are also exposed to poor environmental factors, which contribute much to their poor health. Lead poisoning and asthma are some of the greater risks exposed to these children and with very severe symptoms as compared to their peers. Developmental delays are common in the pre-school children with about 75% of the children under the age of five years having this problem and mostly in the areas of speech or impulsivity (Hart, 4-6). As a result of stressful events, mental disorders become

Suspicious Samples- Statistics Project Coursework

Suspicious Samples- Statistics Project - Coursework Example To determine whether this particular outcome is possible, we need to establish the probability distribution that the outcomes we obtained follow, and rework a theoretical model that follows a similar trend. Essentially, determination of whether an ART cycle will result in a pregnancy or not presents us with two possible outcomes: yes or no. In addition, whenever an individual is picked from among other potential members of the sample, this individual is unlikely to be picked on a subsequent trial. This is much like the case of tossing a fair coin several times, but with the exception that individuals leave the non-sampled population once included in the trial. Such trials follow the Poisson distribution (Letkowski, 2). Since each trial is not influenced by the previous trial in any way, including by way of outcome obtained, this distribution is discrete. We now reflect upon the available information o establish how possible it is to come up with ten subsequent trials whose outcomes are absolutely similar despite there being competing possibilities of outcomes. The Poisson distribution follows the formula: In the above equation, the expected value of x is ÃŽ ». Using this formula, we can work out the probability of obtaining a specific outcome. In this case, this corresponds to the outcomes that all did not involve a pregnancy. We observe the following: 1) From the provided statistics, the average rate of occurrence of an ART cycle without a pregnancy corresponds to the percentage of such a happening. This is given as 66.5 = 0.665. This figure is supposedly uniform across members of productive females’ age generations. This corresponds to our ÃŽ ». This result indicates an extremely rare probability, but one that is clearly achievable. For comparison purposes, we may want to evaluate how this probability compares with that of getting pregnant from an ART. We notice that there is a decline in the total probability of selecting in

Weather & Climate data for Hawaii Research Paper

Weather & Climate data for Hawaii - Research Paper Example The State of Hawaii has a very intriguing climate and weather patterns that make it unique besides the negative effects that it encounters, especially occasional storm episodes.The storms normally hit the islands where they yield to immense life loss and property destruction. The state has two distinct seasons that characterize its weather pattern commonly known as Kau (summer) from May to October and Ho'oilo (winter) from November to April. Its location is at the south Tropic of Cancer, which implies that it experiences intense sun that result in sunburns. An exposure of 20 minutes is enough for serious sunburn that may be severe especially when it recurs. This is evident especially in the warmest month of August and September which temperatures may rise probably to 890F, for instance, in Honolulu. However, heat in this state ranges with altitude where heading towards the Mt. Waialeale, the effects are rarely experienced, which is similar to rainfall pattern. Besides having two dist inct weather seasons, Hawaii’s day climate trend is unpredictable, hence localized, where two regions can have diverse weather patterns at the same instant. Hawaii climate normally varies divergently across its islands. Therefore, they do experience varying solar radiations at assorted times throughout the year. All other aspects that comprise its climate pattern normally rely on solar radiation, especially the duration exposure. This, besides altering weather aspects like rainfall, may also have adverse impacts like sunburns that are evident mostly in the months of August and September (Villinger 86). Mainly, this is when temperatures are high, specifically at 890F. Hawaiian daily prediction states that it experiences high temperatures mainly in the afternoon characterized by low humidity. This is evident in Fig.1 where, according to the graph, high humidity is in the morning periods, but in the afternoon, it tends to reduce. So, solar radiation normally heats the earth†™s surface plus the air, making the air become dry, hence eliminating high quantity of humidity (Pao-Shin, Chen Ying, and Schroeder 4889). In addition, the ocean trade winds also contribute to increasing humidity of the Hawaiian climate. Alternatively, Hawaii, compared to other states, has high humidity, especially when it experiences intense trade winds. For instance, tourists or people from hotter states, when they alight at the airport, experience chilling on their skins,

A Micro and Macro Analysis of the Mobile Industry Environment Using Essay

A Micro and Macro Analysis of the Mobile Industry Environment Using the Pestel Analysis. A Case Study of Blackberry - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that Blackberry is one of the multinational electronic product suppliers in the world that has managed to dominate the mobile industry market for a long time now in the history of the mobile industry. The organization is a major supplier of wireless devices including mobile phones and pagers and currently working on the launch of more products. Commonly known as Research in Motion, the company started in 1984 and took the world by storm in 1999 with the introduction of blackberry solutions. It continued to produce advanced models of blackberry solutions while partnering with technological and telecommunication companies such as MTN, Yahoo, AOL among others. Blackberry has proved a superior communication device especially during the 9/11 crisis, in which it was able to send messages where other devices had failed. In addition, during the anthrax scare, blackberry also emerged a superior means of wireless communication, and the two incidences earned it a reputation for security and reliability. BlackBerry recorded a revenue of $18.435 billion and profit of $ 1.164 billion in 2012. The company’s main competitors are Google Inc., Nokia OYJ, Apple Inc., and Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. However, the mobile industry environment has considerably changed, and the intensity of competition has greatly put the supplier at a lower bargaining end. As Husso points out in his research, scholars have taken a keynote of the change in the dynamic mobile environment that has threatened to push most organizations out of the market. Despite the fact that the company is performing well financially, it is not immune to the pressures of external forces. Currently, most researchers have established that new market entrants, change of technology, and development of new government regulations have all heightened the competition. Consequently, the organization has engaged in research-driven strategic management to react to the changes in the market force and to remain profitable in this industry. The mobile industry is one of the market environments that have garnered a wide range of research from scholars across the world. Ryan expressed the competition that exists within the mobile industry and recommended that all mobile industries switch to modest business strategies to survive in the competitive market. This scholar pointed out that competition has reduced the cost mobile products so much that business priced-market strategies have become obsolete in this market. The research of Ryan has been followed by numerous researchers seeking to evaluate various aspects of the mobile industry environment. Researchers such as Kim and Tallberg have paid particular attention to the mobile handset market and the competition that has emerged in the recent past.

Biography of Peter Paul Rubens Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Biography of Peter Paul Rubens - Essay Example His parents Jan Rubens and Maria Pypelinckx left Antwerp because it was largely Spanish and dominated by the Catholic Church; they were Calvinists. Rubens’ father was nearly killed because of an affair with the princess of Orange, but Maria was able to have her husband released with the acceptance that the family would be exiled to Siegen, Westphalia. It was in Siegen that their last child would be born, who was Peter Paul (Rubens par. 3). Rubens’ education came from the humanists and he was also an art collector in his own right. He was a diplomat as well and was knighted by two kings: Philip IV, the king of Spain and King Charles I, who was at that time the king of England (Rubens par. 2). Rubens studied Latin and classical literature. At the age of 14, Rubens studied art as an apprentice under Tobias Verhaeght and under two artists that lived in the city, Adam van Noort and Otto van Veen (â€Å"Biography† par. 4). One of the ways that Rubens began his art was to copy the art of other artists. He was very interested in woodcuts by â€Å"Hans Holbein the Younger and Marcantonio Raimondis engravings† (Rubens â€Å"Biography† par. 4). Between 1600 and 1608, Rubens traveled to Italy and he studied the paintings of Titian, Veronese, and Tintoretto who would influence his later paintings. He eventually went to Mantua and became part of the court of duke Vincenzo I of Gonzaga. With the duke financing him, he was able to go to Rome and Florence. He studied Greek and Roman Art and began to copy the work of Italian master artists. Eventually Rubens would have several experiences in Italy that would impact his work and he basically fell in love with the language and the people of this area (Rubens â€Å"Biography†). Rubens died May 30, 1640 of gout and left eight children and a wife behind. He was buried in Saint Jacobs church in Antwerp (Rubens â€Å"Biography† par. 20). The â€Å"Wolf and Fox Hunt† was one of a series

Organizational Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Organizational Leadership - Essay Example The critical role of a strategic leader in the overall success of the organization therefore is really important in terms of ensuring that the organization has a direction and a vision to achieve while at the same time ensuring that it can successfully deal with its external environment. Leaders and leadership within the organization therefore are probably the most important facets of a modern organization in order to help it to become successful and strategically managed. However, leaders ability to understand the general business environment, competition as well as the political economy are some of the really important aspects which make a leader successful in the current business environment. Above all the strategic thinking is extremely important in order to ensure that the leaders have the enough skills and capabilities to successfully negotiate with such challenges. This paper will look into the effects of strategic thinking and practices of business leaders in dynamic business environment. Leadership defined Before discussing on the strategic role of leadership, it is critical that a comprehensive view of the overall concept of leadership is presented in order to ensure that a solid theoretical foundation is laid for further discussion. Leadership has been defined in different manners and its definition has also changed over the period of time as the overall research on the subject evolved. What is also however, critical to understand that the leadership is often associated with the achievement of a common goal and how leader through his or her influence can actually get best out of the individuals to perform to their best.? It is significant to understand that leadership is often associated with the achievement of defined and shared objectives which are set... From the discussion it is clear that leaders and leadership within the organization therefore are probably the most important facets of a modern organization in order to help it to become successful and strategically managed.   However, leaders ability to understand the general business environment, competition as well as the political economy are some of the really important aspects which make a leader successful in the current business environment. Above all the strategic thinking is extremely important in order to ensure that the leaders have the enough skills and capabilities to successfully negotiate with such challenges.This paper stresses that  leadership has been defined in different manners and its definition has also changed over the period of time as the overall research on the subject evolved. What is also however, critical to understand that the leadership is often associated with the achievement of a common goal and how leader through his or her influence can actual ly get best out of the individuals to perform to their best.? It is significant to understand that leadership is often associated with the achievement of defined and shared objectives which are set at the beginning and the organizational resources are committed in order to ensure that the desired objectives are achieved. Leadership therefore is also associated with the effective utilization of the resources in order to achieve the desired objectives of the firm.

Summary Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 8

Summary - Assignment Example In their analysis they try to define different concept including taint management, development of self-identity and how differences in gender are dealt with within the professions that were explored. The researchers analyzed and interpreted that in order to manage taint in two different professions including firefighting and law enforcement, the professionals and the management should rely on the open communication of work identity in terms of gender. Both the professions of firefighting as well as correction contain various tasks that can be categorized as dirty work. These professions comprises of several forms of taints including psychical, status, moral and social taints. Taints in firefighting include running into buildings that are on fire and they deal with clients that may be calling the firefighters just to benefit from the social welfare provided by the government. There is a huge difference in how firefighters refer to different parts of their jobs as dirty work. Some of the work that may not be really dirty may be referred to as severely dirty by the fire fighters such as taking an addict to a hospital. On the other hand a task that is severely dirty may not be categorized as dirty by the firefighters such as the task of breaking into burning structures of building. In case of police officers their dirty work includes similar jobs that are conducted by firefighters. The researchers identified that the physical as well as social taints that existed in correctional work included chaperoning prisoners to bathroom which was mostly done by males and caring for inmates which is mostly done by females (Tracy, 2006, p.15). In case of ethical and status taints, the work of law enforcement officers is considered as deviant. In the case of correction officers even easier jobs such as providing toilet paper to the inmates is considered as severely dirty. There are various reasons that help in explaining why

Foreign Policy in the Nixon Presidency Essay Example for Free

Foreign Policy in the Nixon Presidency Essay Richard Nixon is one of the most controversial figures in American history. His presidency is remembered most for the Watergate scandal and his subsequent resignation but some of his foreign policies forever altered American foreign diplomacy. One of the major policies that President Nixon was responsible for was changing the nature of the United States relationship with China. He did this by setting into motion covert diplomatic actions and cultural exchanges between the two countries. Nixon’s reasons for improving relationships with the Communist regime was to force the Soviet Union to be more accommodating to American demands and to also help end the war in Vietnam. Another reason for improving relations was very personal for Richard Nixon. He wanted to show his power as an international statesman to the world and American public. American/Chinese relations for many years were friendly and involved the trade of goods and ideas. American missionaries had gone to China to build churches and hospitals. The two countries were allies against the Japanese during World War II. After the war ended the United States was not an ally of China as a whole but one political group, the Kuomintang. The Kuomintang, led by Chang Kai Shek, were in battled in a civil war with the Chinese communists who would eventually win out. Chang Kai Shek would take his government to the island of Taiwan. After the civil war, the United States only recognized Chang’s Republic of China and kept the People’s Republic of China, led by Mao Ze-Dong, out of the United Nations and other international bodies. This led to an isolation of China by a majority of the international community. The only diplomatic relations the United States had with China were through intermediary countries. While relations with the United States were sour, the Chinese relationship with the Soviet Union had quickly deteriorated. Both China and the Soviet Union were communist countries but their ideologies were very different. Their relationship slowly became strained and both countries started to build up troops along their common border through the 1960s. After the Soviet Union invaded Czechoslovakia and released the Brezhnev Doctrine, which stated that the Kremlin â€Å"had the right to correct deviationism in other communist countries by military intervention,† the Chinese no longer considered the Soviet Union as an ally. This led to violent border clashes between the two countries in March 1969. By the end of 1969 the Soviet Union had over a million troops stationed along the Soviet/Chinese border and missiles aimed at major Chinese cities. The year before, a former republican vice-president from California, Richard Nixon, was elected president. He had made a name for him self in Congress as a leading anti-communist and he went on to serve as vice-president under Dwight D Eisenhower. Even before he was elected president, Nixon had expressed interest in opening up relations with China despite his previous negative views of communism. In 1967 he wrote an article for Foreign Affairs magazine where he stated â€Å"We simply cannot afford to leave China forever outside the family of nations, there to nurture its fantasies, cherish its hates and threaten its neighbors. There is no place on this small planet for a billion of its potentially most able people to live in angry isolation.† After his election as President Richard Nixon decided to make China one of the primary focuses of his foreign policy. One of his primary reasons for doing this was to gain an upper hand in the now 20-year-old Cold War with the Soviet Union. The Soviets had taken over several Eastern European countries and turned them into communist states in an attempt to show the world the successes of Communism. Also by the late 1960s the United States was no longer confident that it could win a war with the Soviet Union since they had had the two decades since the Second World War to regain it military strength. This required the United States to have to change strategies in dealing with the Soviet Union. They now had to shift their focus to gaining China as an ally. The State Department in the summer of 1969 began to announce various unilateral gestures of reconciliation. Many restrictions on travel and trade were lifted. This would become know as â€Å"Ping Pong† diplomacy. It was so named after the United States ping-pong team was invited to the Chinese capital in April of 1971. During their visit the group was treated as though they were dignitaries or royalty. They played matches against the Chinese team but also visited important landmarks through out China. The American delegation was accompanied by members of the press and was closely watched by the American public. At a banquet for the visiting Americans, Chou En-Lai, the Chinese Premier told the group, â€Å"Exchanges between our two countries have been cut off for a long time but now, with your acceptance of our invitation, you have opened a new page in the relations of the Chinese and American people.† While the American ping-pong players were the talk of the media, behi nd the scenes Nixon was putting into action his plan to improve relations with China. He did this by employing his National Security Advisor, Henry Kissinger, to make covert communications with the Chinese government. Before the Ping-Pong players had ever set foot in China and at the beginning of his presidency Nixon had Kissinger prepare a study on the feasibility of improving American/Chinese relations. Originally Kissinger was hesitant about the idea of talks with China even being quoted as saying â€Å"this crazy guy really does want to normalize relations with China.† But even Kissinger knew that an alliance between the United States and China could shift the global political powers more in favor of the United States and away from communism and the Soviet Union. One of the biggest roadblocks to improving relations with China was the issue of Taiwan. Since the Chinese civil war ended the United States had only recognized the government of the Republic of China on the island of Taiwan. So even as Nixon is trying to improve relations with communist China there is still the issue that the United States does not officially recognize the People’s Republic of China as a legitimate government. To ease some of China’s concerns, Nixon instructs his administration to terminate navel patrols in the Straight of Taiwan. Also in a radio address that Nixon gave on February 25, 1971 regarding his congressional foreign policy report he reiterated both his intention to protect Taiwan but open up talks with China. â€Å"We will search for consecutive discussions with Communist China while maintaining our defense commitment to Taiwan. When the Government of the Peoples Republic of China is ready to engage in talks, it will find us receptive to agreements that further the legitimate national interests of China and its neighbors.† A visit to China was next on Nixon’s foreign policy agenda. He announced his intentions in 1970, taking much of the world by surprise especially the Soviet Union. He negotiated this visit first by secretly sending Henry Kissinger to Beijing in July of 1971. Kissinger made this covert trip by faking illness on a diplomatic visit to Pakistan and flying to China to convey Nixon’s intention to Premier Zhou En-Lai. It was decided that President Nixon would visit the following year. On February 21, 1972, Richard Nixon became the first United States President to visit China. The following week would become known as the â€Å"week that changed the world. † President Nixon would only meet with an ailing Mao Ze-dong one time during his visit but it would set in motion events that would lead to United States recognition of Mao’s government and an end to the Cold War. The visit ended with both countries issuing the Shanghai Communiquà ©. In this document both countries pledged to work towards normalization of relations. The United States also agreed to remove military forces from Taiwan. Shortly after the delegations return from their visit to China, Richard Nixon tasked Henry Kissinger with negotiating arms treaties with the Soviet Union. With the well-publicized visit closely watched by the Soviets the United States now had more bargaining power. In 1972, Kissinger negotiated the Strategic Arms Limitations Talks. The two Cold-War super powers agreed that they would begin limiting missiles, nuclear arms, and delivery systems. With his relative success in negotiating deals with both China and the Soviet Union, Richard Nixon was hopeful that he would have the same success in negotiating a deal with North Vietnam to end the Vietnam War. Going into his re-election campaign in 1972 the United States had been at war in Vietnam for 12 years, over 50,000 had been killed, and billions of dollars had been spent. His first major policy regarding Vietnam that Nixon put into place was the Nixon Doctrine. The Doctrine had three major tenants. First, the United States would honor all of its treaty agreements. Secondly, the United States would provide a shield if a nuclear power threatened an ally or a country the United States deemed to be vital to its national security. And, lastly, the United States would provide military and economic aid to countries under treaty agreements, but the requesting nation would be expected to bear primary responsibility to provide the manpower for its own defense. The Nixon Doctrine led to the withdrawal of ground troops from Vietnam and training the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) in defense of their own country. Nixon had also hoped that his new treaties with China would help to isolate the North Vietnamese and convince them to sign a peace treaty. In 1973, a cease-fire was negotiated at the Paris Peace Accords and ended United States involvement in Vietnam. However this did not stop the spread of communism to south Vietnam. Nixon’s improved relations with China were largely unsuccessful in there being a positive resolution of the Vietnam War. While the entire episode of the Vietnam War was seen as a blemish on Richard Nixon’s Presidency he was still very concerned about his image not only among the American public but on the world stage as well. He wanted to use his visit to China to draw attention to his expertise as a global statesman. Among the people that accompanied Nixon on his trip to China was White House Chief of Staff Bob Haldeman. While Nixon was meeting mostly with Chinese Premier Zhou and negotiating agreements, Haldeman and Nixon’s wife Pat toured factories and schools throughout China. Mrs. Nixon was followed by a large group of press. Bob Haldeman was in charge of making their visit look very positive to the American public. Margaret MacMillan writes in her book Nixon in China, â€Å"The images flowed back to the United States, targeted for prime-time evening television. It was a presidential election year at home and Haldeman wanted to make sure that Nixon shone out as the great leader and statesman.† From the very beginning of his Presidency Richard Nixon always wanted to be seen in a positive light especially his portrayal in the media. He tasked members of his staff with combating any negative comments said about him and manage any news about him. He bordered on obsessive when it came to public image. His first week in office he formed a task called the â€Å"Five O’clock† group that was responsible for monitoring television programs for any negative comments about the President or his administration and defending them. With the Vietnam War and the protests to the end the war at the top of most news stories, Nixon needed to do something to get his name back in the limelight. Many believe that this a major factor for his motivation to reach out to China and his subsequent visit. During his time in China he made sure the entire trip was highly publicized. He did numerous photo opportunities at such places like the Great Wall and the Forbidden City. The reception his visit received by the American public was very positive. This was their first view into the isolated nation in over 20 years. This view, however, was a carefully scripted play put on by the Chinese government. This was their attempt to show a â€Å"New† China, not one that was still suffering from th e isolationist policies of the Cultural Revolution. The Chinese officials responsible for showing China in a positive way had people picnicking outside of factories in the bitter cold listening to revolutionary music and then collected the radios they were listening to after the delegation left. These inconsistencies were noticed by a Canadian member of the press to which Premier Zhou had to quietly admit that this was wrong of them to do. But the idea of a â€Å"New† China would only help President Nixon portray to the world that America and China, even with such opposite political views, could come to an understanding. His visit took the entire worlds view off of Vietnam and on to him personally while he visited China. Kissinger had pled with President Nixon to not make his trip to China a media circus because of the impact it would have internationally with America’s allies and enemies. International reaction to the visit was mixed. The United States allies were mostly disappointed that they had been kept in the dark about the new relations. The British felt particularly offended that they were not informed before hand about the dealings going on between the Americans and the Chinese. Even with the somewhat cool reception in the international community about Richard Nixon’s visit to China it was still one of the most significant moments in United States foreign policy during the Cold War. Henry Kissinger wrote in his memoir On China, â€Å" The reward for Sino-American rapprochement would not be a state of perpetual friendship or a harmony of values, but a rebalancing of the global equilibrium.† Richard Nixon helped to accomplish this by improving relations with China in an effort to change the American relationship with the Soviet Union and end the Vietnam War. While his intentions were for both personal and professional gain, either way his foreign policies remain at the top of his successes as President. Nixon’s presidency is mostly remembered of one wrought with corruption and following the Watergate scandal, he is still the only United States President to resign from office. He became known as politician that would use any means necessary to accomplish his goals but this also led to his downfall. BIBLIOGRAPHY Bundy, William. A Tangled Web: The making of Foreign Policy in the Nixon Presidency. New York, 1989. Chang, Gordon H.. Friends and enemies: the United States, China, and the Soviet Union, 1948-1972. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1990. Devoss, David A. Ping-Pong Diplomacy. Smithsonian . 33. no. 1 2002 Keilers, John G. U.S. Army Military History Institute, Nixon Doctrine and Vietnamization. Last modified 2007. Accessed November 14, 2012. http://www.army.mil/article/3867/Nixon_Doctrine_and_Vietnamization/. Kissinger, Henry On China. New York: Penguin Press, 2011. Print. MacMillan, Margaret. Nixon in China: the week that changed the world. Toronto: Viking Canada, 2006. Nixon, Richard. Miller Center, Radio Address About Second Annual Foreign Policy Report to the Congress . Last modified 1971. Accessed November 14, 2012. http://millercenter.org/president/speeches/detail/3875. Nixon, Richard M. Asia After Viet Nam. Foreign Affairs, October 1967. http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/23927/richard-m-nixon/asia-after-viet-nam (accessed October 18, 2012) Small, Melvin. The presidency of Richard Nixon. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1999. Walker, Anne Collins, John Eastman, and Elizabeth C Eastman. China calls: paving the way for Nixons historic journey to China. Lanham, Md.: Madison Books :, 1992.

The Secret Operations Executive Essay Example for Free

The Secret Operations Executive Essay The Secret Operations Executive played an important role in the Asian region during the Second World War. This intelligence agency was crucial in supporting the British war efforts in Asia by inspiring the local people to oppose their occupation by the Japanese forces. They obtained valuable information in Asia and passed this information to the British military administration, which increased the strength of the British in the region. The Secret Operations Executive or SOE was the British agency, which was supposed to promote sabotage and subversion in the occupied areas. This function of SOE can be seen in the region of Asia and other parts of the world. At one point of time SOE had nearly six hundred employees and it used various weapons and instruments such as ships, air crafts, and radio communications. These instruments were used to infiltrate the agents, arms, and explosives of the enemies who were found in the regions beyond the control of the British administration. These operations can be seen in the region of Asia during the Second World War period. SOE, during the Second World War, emerged as one of the most popular intelligence gathering agencies due to the use of various techniques of obtaining information and supporting the local people to resist their subjugation by the Japanese forces. It has been argued by some scholars that SOE did not achieve that great of a success, as it failed to maintain close relations with British military and other intelligence operations. It is interesting to note, in this context, that although SOE performed various intelligence related tasks, originally it was not intended as an intelligence organization. It was also not intended to inspire anti-Japanese movements in the Asian countries. This indicates that the managers of this organization decided, in the middle of war, to change the function and aims of SOE in order to obtain support for the British war effort. SOE played an important role in inspiring the local people to resist against Japanese aggression in Burma, Siam, and Malaya. This local resistance against the Japanese forces assisted the British in getting extra time to obtain men and materials necessary to protect their colonies in Asia from the Japanese aggression. The fact that the British had to depend on the co-operation of their erstwhile colonies also indicates that Britain had become weak during this period. By using SOE, the British were able to resist their enemies including the Japanese in Asia. This organization was able to achieve success particularly in Burma due to the co-operation given by the anti-fascist organizations, influenced by communist ideology, and the Burma National Guard. With the participation of the local people, SOE was able to protect the lives of many British people in the region. This allowed the British to obtain control of Rangoon by the end of Second World War. However, the British failed to bring all the intelligence organizations under the banner of SOE, which was established in 1940 to sabotage and destroy the enemy power in the occupied countries. By November 1940, SOE had prepared a plan for the South East Asian region including China, Manchuria, French Indochina, Siam, the Philippines, Burma, Malaya, and Hong Kong. This plan was named Oriental Mission (OM), indicating the interest of Great Britain in South East Asia. The main aim of this mission was to create and develop a spirit of resistance in these countries, so that the British army could invade them and occupy them without taking greater risks. However, the fall of Singapore and Burma resulted in a need to change the original plan of this mission. Now, OM became known as the Indian Mission and concentrated on Afghanistan, India, and Ceylon. SOE leaders provided training and weapons to the members so that they could resist the Japanese in their regions. SOE faced delay problems due to the official policy, which postponed the operations of this organization in Siam and Burma. It has been claimed by SOE officials that due to this delay, these regions were invaded and occupied by the Japanese forces. With greater co-operation from the British administration, SOE would have claimed greater achievements. However, it is important to note that in spite of official delays, SOE was able to achieve at least part of its objective of destroying enemy power in the occupied regions. Nevertheless, when compared to other regions, the Chinese operations were not successful as this agency had to suffer many reversals in China. SOE played an important role in the recovery of prisoners of war in the region of Burma and Thailand. However, usually this task is given to the International Committee of the Red Cross. In this case, SOE was asked to recover the prisoners in order to achieve humanitarian and strategic aims of the British military. The Japanese administration decided to construct the railway line connecting Burma and Thailand. For this, the Japanese used local labour as well as the prisoners of war. By using white labour, the Japanese attempted to prove the racial superiority of the Asians. However, in the process of railway line construction, nearly 12,000 prisoners of war, and 90,000 local people died. Many prisoners of war died because of the difficult working conditions they were forced to endure. This included long hours in the rain without obtaining any medical attention. The British administration decided to take action against the Japanese, but it did not want to give publicity to these measures. Therefore, SOE was asked to move to this region. During this time SOE had maintained close contact with the Thai resistance movement, which allowed them to obtain the information regarding the movement of Japanese forces in the region. SOE was in the best position to gather necessary intelligence information in order to help the prisoners of war in Asia. SOE was given this task because â€Å"†¦only an organisation that was experienced in local intelligence gathering and working with resistance groups would be would be able to cope with the urgent demands of the task†¦Ã¢â‚¬  It was realized that SOE was the sole organization capable of handling this task, as it had prior experience working in the region. It was also important to achieve success against the Japanese within a short time span, which could not have been accomplished by conservative agencies. The Red Cross was not in a position to achieve the task of liberating prisoners of war because Red Cross simply did not possess ability to carry prisoners of war liberation exercise. The British government was also interested in keeping this mission a secret since it did not want the public to react to news of the worse working conditions the prisoners of war faced, especially considering many of them were British. SOE was considered an intelligence gathering agency. In order to release the prisoners of war in Asia there was the need to obtain information regarding the Japanese army’s movement. In 1941, it was decided to send SOE agents to Thailand in order to gather information regarding the activities of the Japanese troops in the region. Information was obtained by interviewing the prisoners of war who were given small microfilm questionnaires. These questions provided information concerning Japanese morale during the war period. SOE was able to obtain information regarding technological capabilities of the Japanese. For example, they could learn that Japanese had installed wireless stations every thirty miles along the Railway. While some regions were heavily guarded, remote regions were not given that much importance by the Japanese forces. SOE was able to give information concerning the state of the prisoners, and thereby the government could send the goods that were demanded by the war prisoners in the Japanese camps. This facilitated the relief work of the government, and saved the lives of a large number of prisoners. Another important reason for the keen interest showed by SOE to achieve success in the Burma-Thailand region was its rivalry with the U. S. Office of Strategic Services (OSS). The Americans were suspicious of the British interest in Thailand. This compelled the British intelligence agency to use its full energy in order to achieve success in this mission. This competition between the US and British agencies resulted in the lack of co-ordination between these two agencies as they competed to achieve their missions in these regions. SOE also noticed the problems that were faced by the prisoners of war. These problems were lack of proper food, malnutrition, lack of financial power to buy food in the market, and lack of medicines. Humanitarian concerns also forced this agency to take active part in this mission. Through its relationship with Thai national leaders, SOE was able to obtain evidence to prove that Japan had begun transportation of the war prisoners to Japan. This information allowed the British government to make right kind of decision while dealing with the Japanese threat in Asia. This implied that Great Britain could send its army to capture those regions where the Japanese had become weak. It was feared that war prisoners would be taken to Japan, and there they would be killed. SOE maintained close relationship with leaders of Free Siam Movement, and assured them its help in their struggle against the Japanese in Thailand. This agency was able to obtain the help of nearly 90,000 guerillas who played an important role in rescuing the prisoners of war from the Japanese camps. After the end of war, SOE maintained direct contact with the prisoners of war and obtained information regarding their problems, their personal details, and their immediate needs. Relief was given to the prisoners of war by conducting operation ‘Mastiff’. These details show that SOE was able to protect the lives of a large number of prisoners of war, many of whom had come close to death due to lack of medicine and malnutrition. In spite of the above achievements, SOE suffered from various internal problems such as competition with Secret Intelligence Services (SIS) which lost its dominant position after the emergence of SOE. This resulted in lack of co-ordination between SOE and SIS. In the end SIS had to concede its defeat at the hands of its sister intelligence agency, as the SOE proved its superiority in Asia.

Analysis Of The Musical Grease Film Studies Essay

Analysis Of The Musical Grease Film Studies Essay In this musical written by Jim Jacobs and Warren Casey, it is 1959 and Rydell high is crowded with defiant, fun-loving students. In the middle of this landscape, Sandy Dumbrowski arrives as the new girl in school. It turns out that over the summer she and Danny Zuko, leader of the Burger Palace Boys gang, have had a brief love affair. While Sandy tells her new classmates about the emotional involvement she had with Danny, he makes of tales about the sexual side of their relationship. As the show progresses the kids at Rydell High have to deal with issues surprising to people who have a romanticized view of the 1950s; love, gang violence, teen pregnancy, and friendship. In the end, Sandy and Danny work out their differences with each other and their friends and end up together and happy. I saw this production at the JSU/McClellan Theatre in Anniston, Alabama. The stage in this theatre is of the proscenium type. I think that overall, this is the perfect type of stage for this play but the arrangement of the theatre was a little lacking for this production mainly because of the seating challenges. There were three sections of seating. The middle section was fairly large and centered with the stage. There were two sections on either side that hugged the wall. The section on the far right was behind the orchestra. The orchestra pit was not really a pit and was actually on level with the seating. Therefore, those people in the rows behind the orchestra had a very difficult time seeing over the musicians and instruments; especially the harp that was used in this production. I know this because I was one of those unlucky enough to be sitting behind the aforementioned musicians. I spent the play with my head tilted at an odd angle trying to see around them. What I did have a good view of was the wing, stage left and unfortunately I could see the actors getting ready to make entrances and exits which ruined a little of the ambience. Had I been sitting in the center section and further back I believe it would have been much more enjoyable. This play had elements of the realistic and the non-realistic. It dealt with very real themes such as teen pregnancy, bullying, peer pressure, drinking, and gang violence. The non-realistic bits were obviously the musical numbers. In real life, we do not just burst into song because we broke up with a boyfriend or girlfriend or had a teenage romance. The sets of this play were not what I would call realistic. They attempted realism but it seemed as if the budget of the play and the way it had to be staged left them with no choice but leave it slightly abstract. The sets were very basic and the car set used for the Greased Lightning and Alone at a Drive-In Movie numbers was very cartoonish. The costumes in this play attempted realism but fell short. In the dance scenes, the dresses looked like leftovers from a 1980s prom sale that had been re-cut in an attempt to make them look like they were from the fifties. The clothing in the earlier scenes was a little bit better and closer to th e true fifties flavor. The use of props was done well. The actors used actual props for the most part, there was very little miming of actions. This play was a musical with elements of comedy. The comedy was mostly verbal with subtle inflections of tone. There were a few physical comedic elements mostly used by the characters of Eugene Florczyk and Cha-Cha DiGregorio, who did an excellent job making the audience laugh. The character of Jan played by Michelle Bain combined a few elements of physical with verbal comedy. Betty Rizzo, played by Judy Shealy was amazingly funny with her dry quips and very sarcastic delivery of Rizzos best lines. This play was structured episodically. This play was very entertaining. There were a few elements of it that could be taken as social messages such as the drinking and rebelliousness that resulted in a pregnancy scare for one of the characters. The playwright and director seemed to work in beautiful harmony for this production. You could see that there was a lot of effort put into the acting and the direction. The letter from the artistic director that was printed in the front of the program gave a small amount of background. For someone who was not familiar with the work it would have helped them to perhaps understand a little bit more of the motivation behind the play. There were several stand out performers in this play and also a few disappointments. Hands down Judy Shealys portrayal of Betty Rizzo was the show stealer. She gave the character real life. From the wisecracking to the sad and scared she made you care about what happened to her. Her performance of There Are Worse Things I Could Do was one of the standouts of the play. As I mentioned earlier the characters of Eugene and Cha-Cha played by Daniel King Jr. and Georgia Cook were wonderful. Both of these characters were very funny and entertaining. Jacob Cummings Teen Angel was excellent. The Teen Angel scene is one that I rank among my least favorites and it usually bores me, but I found myself loving this portrayal. Cummings sang excellently and lent a degree of humor to the role that was refreshing. Michelle Bain as Jan was another standout. She is a very good comic actress and her affected accent was very funny. I was not however thrilled with Heather Garlick or Joshua Cody Hunt who pl ayed the roles of Danny and Sandy. These are the two main characters and should carry the show. I found myself bored I am sad to say when they were on. Heathers performance as Sandy was wooden, one- dimensional and not at all believable. I found myself bored whenever she was on. Joshua Hunt as Danny was almost as bad although when he was interacting with the Burger Palace Boys he seemed to shine a little more. The scenery was low budget and it was obvious. It did detract a little from the overall performance. It was almost as if a high school had thrown the production together at the last minute as far as the scenery is concerned. The lighting was acceptable, but the band was excellent. They and the actors worked together well and there seemed to be no missed cues and everything flowed seamlessly. Overall, this was a very acceptable performance. The actors were as a whole very good, with the exceptions noted above. The band and actors worked flawlessly together and were very enjoyable. There was obviously a great deal of effort put into the choreography of the dance scene and it came off very well. It was a fun evening and certainly put a smile on my face. I came away nostalgic for a time I was not even alive to witness. Production Details Your name Cassie Patterson Name of production Grease Author Jim Jacobs and Warren Casey Producing organization or theatre where you attended Community Actors Studio Theatre Date of performance October 3, 2010 Style of performance (realistic, non-realistic, Combination combination) Structure of the play (climactic, episodic, ritualistic, Episodic Etc.) Form of the play (tragedy, drama, comedy, etc.) Musical Stage space (proscenium, arena, etc.) Proscenium Acting styles (realistic, melodramatic, exaggerated, Realistic, comedic etc.) Style of scenic designs (realistic, abstract, etc.) Abstract Style of costume designs (fantasy, abstract, etc.) Realistic Style of lighting designs (realistic, abstract, etc.) Realistic Production Personnel: Director Kimberly Dobbs Scenic Designer Eric Key Costume Designer Hayley Long, Lolly Payne, Sara Semmes Lighting Designer Terri Sherrill Stage Manager Pat Tiller, Chrissy Patterson, Cierra Parker, Tristan Waid, Janet Harbor, Tim Doyle, Alexandre de Lavalette

Meddling Media :: essays research papers fc

I used to watch a really nice TV program every weekend. It is a youth-oriented show if my memory serves me right. Athough I cannot remember the whole story any more, something we may call â€Å"a mere make believe† left an indelible mark in my memory. This is how it goes. Two of the many characters in the show were best of friends. They shared their secrets to one another, fought for each other, and cared for one another. Well of course that’s within the idea of the scriptwriter and the instructions of the director. Some people would think that those two artists are really best friends in real life because they portrayed their roles effectively. It so happened that I was able to watch a showbiz news the following day, and what I heard somehow caught my attention; those two artists that I mentioned earlier were actually enemies in real life! . At this point in time it is really hard to distinguish fallacy from reality. This is due to the very creative minds of the ones that created the media. Technology is now at its peak and it steadily and rapidly advances that most of the times, although only a few notices, authenticity is gradually being covered up by clouds of erroneous beliefs. â€Å"We are bombarded today by such a quantity of images that we can no longer distinguish direct experience from what we have seen for a few seconds on television. The memory is littered with bits and pieces of images, like a rubbish dump.† This was said by Italo Calvino, a Cuban-born Italian novelist and short-story writer. Though he died almost 20 years ago, what he said is slowly but surely taking its place in this world. Definitely, these media effects are now changing the mindset of our present generation; furthermore these also alter their lifestyle. And these will certainly continue shifting lives in the near future. Media may come in different forms: broadcasting, communication, journalism, multimedia, newspapers, periodicals and telecommunication. All of these play major roles in sometimes improving, but also destroying societies. But the one that has the most enormous upshot in our society is broadcasting, which includes in itself televisions and radios. Statistics shows estimation that almost 1.8 billion of radios and 800 million televisions are in use world wide. Just imagine how many people it could reach in every single tick of a clock.

Analysis of a Horses by Edwin Muir Essay -- English Literature

Analysis of a poem- Horses by Edwin Muir It is said that one should forget the past and live in the present It is said that one should forget the past and live in the present. However, Edwin Muir’s ‘Horses’ is a poem of past memories only. The interesting part is that it deals with many conflicts and issues which are prevalent even today. It is thus a bridge between the past and present and is expressed in the form of a piece of literature. Muir himself said that in writing about horses in this poem, he was reflecting his childhood view of his father’s plough horses, which must have seemed huge, powerful and mysterious to a boy of four or five. Some of his poems, including ‘Horses’, have a close equivalent in passages from his autobiography, suggesting that seeing these horses reminded him of certain events. The poem begins with the poet transcending reality and reminiscing of one of his childhood memories. In this case it is one of when he as a child, watched a team of horses ploughing the stubble back into the field, during a rainy day which got progressively stormier. In the first two verses, the poet gives the reader a meaningful hint into what the circumstances of his times were. This was most probably, the hardships of a period of war. The few references Muir makes to an army such as in cases where the horses â€Å"marched† and the word â€Å"conquering† further strengthen this issue of war. â€Å"Their hooves like pistons in an ancient mill† This line brings up another issue which is plaguing the third world as we know it. In the same verse he refers to a â€Å"childish hour† in which he also compares the horses’ hooves to pistons in an ancient mill. This refers to how child labour in factories was existent e... ...hose memories back when he says â€Å"I must pine†¦Ã¢â‚¬  hoping, in my perspective, to change the past. Muir now seems to be in a state of possible turmoil and confusion. At one point, he refers to these memories as â€Å"dreadful and fearful† while in the same verse he calls them â€Å"bright.† Ultimately however, it seems that the past has been greater than the present; at least it still has an overwhelming effect on the poet’s mind. It is said â€Å"When you are thrown from the horse, the best thing you can do is to get back on as soon as possible†. Returning to the ‘scene of crime’ can help resolve issues and this is exactly what Muir is doing through the course of the poem. The closing paragraph of the poem is very powerful in how it expresses his mixed feelings towards the Horses. Through these animals, he has given light to different issues that disturbed him as a child.

Holden Caufield as Untrustworthy Narrator in The Catcher in the Rye :: Catcher Rye Essays

Holden Caufield as Untrustworthy Narrator in The Catcher in the Rye The problem with most first person narratives is that there is only one point of view. In The Catcher in the Rye, by J.D. Salinger, Holden Caufield shares his past experiences as a distressed teenager. The entire story is told through his own troubled mind, which often distorts the experiences. Salinger portrays the reason behind Holden's immaturity by demonstrating his untrustworthy qualities. Most of Holden's views contradict themselves because of Holden's own confusion. This confusion blinds him from being able to realize that most of his criticism is against himself. Salinger clearly presents this after Stradlader hits Holden. "All that blood and all sort of made me look tough. I'd only been in about two fights in my life, and I lost both of them. I'm not too tough. I'm a pacifist, if you want to know the truth"(46). Even though Holden enjoys to see himself beaten up, he contradicts himself by proclaiming he is a peaceful person. Salinger utilizes these contradictions to reveal how unreliable Holden's observations are. Salinger also depicts Holden's immaturity through the judgment of his peers and elders. Holden's disillusionment of good people alters the true personality of each person he meets. Holden even criticizes his new classmates, whom he has not even meet yet. "It's full of phonies/.../and you have to keep making believe you give a damn if the football team loses, and all you do is talk about girls and liquor and sex all day"(131). Just because Holden is uncomfortable in his school, he feels the need to disapprove of everyone. Salinger exploits this immaturity to illustrate the reason for Holden's loneliness and confusion. Throughout the story Salinger introduces characters that actually appeal to Holden, which give him guidance and make him feel better about himself. Mr. Antolini is one of these people. Holden seems hopeless in his quest for happiness, but Mr. Antolini guides him in the right direction. Even after all the help, he still finds a way to scrutinize Mr. Antolini. "What he was doing was, he was sitting on the floor right next to the couch, in the dark and all, and he was sort of petting me or patting me on the goddam head"(192).

Holmes and Watson Essay

Holmes requires Watson for companionship, for company, but more importantly as a sort of bodyguard, someone who will protect him. We have already seen, for example, how Holmes always lets Watson take the gun, for he himself does not want to be directly involved in any sort of violence. Holmes also bounces all of his theories and assumption of Watson, to see what his opinion is in the matter â€Å"What do you make it Watson† He would ask, just to see what Watson thought of the whole situation. Watson is someone who is not as clever or imaginative as Holmes, so he needs to follow Holmes lead, watching what Holmes does. Watson can be seen as the foil of the sword, Holmes being the tip of the sword. You can see that they both need each other to function efficiently, or neither work as well. Watson, although he doesn’t always have an important role in the stories, still has a important role because he is the narrator of the story, which means he is the link which connects us to Holmes world and he is the one who shows us the character of Holmes. At the start of the ‘Speckled Band’, we see the intimacy of these two friends â€Å"I woke one morning to find Sherlock Holmes standing, fully dressed, by the side of my bed. † This scene shows how close the two friends are, and shows that their relationship as one which is very intimate, very close. When Holmes introduces Watson here, he shows us that he regards Watson here as an equal telling Mrs Hudson that â€Å"This is my intimate friend and associate, Dr Watson before whom you can speak as freely as before myself†. Whilst Holmes doesn’t always regard Watson as an equal, perhaps this a time were he does. Watson is sort of a sound board that Holmes can relay his ideas off of, often asking for Watson’s opinion. He does this perhaps so that he can see if Watson does or does not agree with him, or perhaps so that we can here what Holmes makes of it. Another reason why Watson is our link towards Sherlock Holmes, why Watson is so very Important. During the Speckled band Watson is beside Holmes to protect Holmes form danger, in particular Dr Grimsby Roylott. There relationship in all of the stories is pretty similar, with Watson simply observing Holmes’s actions, whilst adding in personal thoughts of his own. Holmes and Watson are a team however, they solve the cases together. Although Holmes will sometimes not always require Watson’s protection, but also even some ideas â€Å"What do you make of that Watson? † Watson for example, during the adventure of ‘The Silver Blaze’ figures out something which Holmes could not see â€Å"The Horse was alone before† discovers Watson as he notices a mans tracks alongside the horses. Whilst Watson can figure out certain things for himself, he like Sergeant Gregory lacks the imagination that Holmes has. This is often why Watson can not see beyond the picture, and therefore cannot discover things as quickly as Holmes. Holmes and Watson used to live as bachelors until Holmes got married in Which shows that their relationship may not of only have grown so intimate during their adventures, but also because the were living together. Also at the start of the ‘Sliver Blaze’ and the ‘Speckled band’, we clearly see just from picturing the seen how close they are. In the ‘speckled band’ Holmes is standing next to Watson’s bed apologising from waking him. In the ‘silver blaze’, they are sitting down together having breakfast with each other. These scenes show that they have a very deep relationship. Watson’s marriage also affects their relationship because it means that they no longer live with each other and therefore may have grown apart. The conclusion of my studies shows that Holmes and Watson are more than simply associate. They have an intimate and deep friendship, which is strengthened through their adventures together. Holmes and Watson work best during the investigations together, combining their different qualities and strengths to help them solve the case. Holmes in the relationship is the more dominant figure, intellectually smarter than Holmes and mainly contributing to the case itself using his powerful powers of observation and imagination. Watson however, is more down to Earth and his role is to assist Holmes by protection (carrying the gun, accompanying Holmes) and being the link between Holmes and us. He is also there perhaps to keep Holmes and check, for when he worries about Holmes smoking. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Arthur Conan Doyle section.

A Wrinkle in Time Novel

Madeleine LEngles allegory A Wrinkle in clipping is about a young daughter named gazillion Murry, who is far from perfect. While she does come along from a close, loving family, one thousand thousand has measly self-esteem and a unregenerate personality. As she gets caught up in the battle to come through the universe from evil, gazillion drops both her strengths and her weaknesses to helper her. The novel begins by introducing Meg as a girl who has very woeful-down self-esteem.LEngle describes Beg making horrible faces at herself in the mirror, flashing a snarling grin of braces and messing up her mouse-brown hair. If Meg sighing loud at her own reflection isnt enough to convince the reader that Meg doesnt like herself, the scene when she yells, I hate being an oddball should put up the point. Though Meg doesnt chance good about herself, she does care deeply about her family. She worries about her missing return and change surfacetually goes to Camazotz to save h im.While shes tessering most the universe, Meg sees her mother crying fend for on Earth. Megs have got a go at it for her mom is so strong that she reacts by getting angry, gaining more strength to use in the battle against evil. In the end, it is Megs love for her brother Charles Wallace that gives her the motive to save him from IT. Throughout the novel, people ramify Meg hat shes as well as stubborn. She gets in trouble in mathematics class because she refuses to show her work and do problems the teachers way.Shes even stubborn when shes sent to the office, and read/write head Jenkins tells her to be less antagonistic. But it is this stubborn quality that keeps Meg going in the fight against the Man with Red Eyes. A less strong-willed person would have backed down from fear when face up with such an evil character. In conclusion, Meg is such an interesting character because she is not perfect. She is a stubborn girl with low self-esteem, but her love for her family help s her use her weaknesses for strength.

Preparing A Career Development Plan Essay

1. What are some of the thinkable reasons Scott did non seek or receive advice from her immediate supervisor?Some of the possible reasons Scott did not seek or receive advice from her immediate supervisor are because of the piss relation with them. When you look for help and advice it fanny be hard at times to go to a person who is your boss and in wedge of you. nigh of the times the work relationships between a proletarian and there boss is not as peers tho as a leader. It is hard to seek advice from individual who is not viewed as a peer. It makes it easier for her to talk to Elizabeth Burroughs because she is a manager but not in charge of her. Scott therefore has an easier time seeing Burroughs as a peer. Another reason why Scott could have a tough time going to her boss could be because her boss would discourage her from moving on because she is slap-up at her job and her boss wouldnt emergency to see her leave.2. After reviewing the chapter, suggest all possible ways that Scott arsehole prepare her-self for rush advancement.Scott can prepare her-self for career advancement by, first identifying career opportunities and requirements. Once that is done she should identify and recognize incompatible career paths. When considering she should think of places with boundaryless career opportunities. This is so she does not get stuck in a position where she can no longer move up and plateau. different things that she can do to productively prepare herself are, fetching career planning workshops, career counseling and mentoring. 1 of the most important things that she needs to do is meshing herself to have great support, and connections.

Dance theory Essay

At the stupefy of this jump ramify, I candidly sight it was e trulywherepickings to be simplified to hold up by for person who unfeignedly jazzs zero rough saltation or both(prenominal) amour tie in to it. Currently, sagacious the proficiencys snarled in antithetical founts of jump a the equivalent(p) the Dunham technique I would non utter the said(prenominal) thing.It does repair give appear with succession because exercising little by little bes utter(a) and e rattling(prenominal) metre you do a peculiar(a) saltation regard, you turn back the portion to bet what you do abuse and carry it in sagacity for the adjacent snip you do that identical con chassis. learn and learn the clay for leaping is a desire unriv eithered thing I dedicate roll in the hay to spot is inborn to diverge t totallyy closely(p) especially when doing a phase of terpsichore liberty chitings.This is because bound is worry exit up in several(predicate) stages where the for the first term nonp beil serves as a tail for what is plan of attack next. withal though I am remedy in the stillt against of learning, I gestate readily established that bound is entangled and on that present be many a(prenominal) comp unmatchablents c be snorkeling, dead proboscis coalition, and vex hold gnarled to put on every spring quantity give. So far, close to of the bounds I hurt in condition(p) take on conventional dancings give cargon Kpalogo, whichis a West-African dancing originated from the fishermen of Ghana, Rocking dollar bill which is sound as the scream implies. It is an African warrior leaping in which your reach be embossed closely federal agency take aim to course of prove your guard and one branch is prepare as spicy as assertable part the new(prenominal) wooden leg be drop anchored earlier you shake off in front and pitch rolls. This dance in concomit ant requires groundedness.It is fell and you aim to film set physical structure fusion and train you atomic number 18 haughty your respiration room because victimisation an eliminate vivacious technique is a deficiency if you do non sine qua non to c the great unwashedhing yourself turn out onwards complementary the dance routine. seemmly quick to a fault helps when on the job(p) on slack off fecess like proboscis rolls, right away back, pelvic rolls amongst many others. I gauge all overbearing my breath has helped me a drove when dancing since the openinging of this class.I 2 view as learned when to take long-lived and slow-moving breaths in battle array to take to heart my eubstance ascendancy when doing plastered things. Hence, I love internal respiration neatly when dancing, has a unlikeness over a utter well-nigh of time because represent alive enables you to uphold your proboscis internally.It alike seems like breathing an d your type of bearment seduce put across in hired hand in concert to get the ruff results possible. Personally, I gauge punctuate the immenseness of clay concurrence is very necessary. ripe be concretion enables you to consume a wizard of brain what your luggage compartment is doing. A torment physical structure alliance masters the totally use of ethicals and services of doing a authorized incitement. For theoretical account, when doing plie and releve where you prolong your irritant and school on your coach and counter saddle, you defeat the offer if your feet argon non well set(p) and your shadow are non enclose d avow the stairs and as a result, the benefits of this metric stick around out provide not be maximized. as well, personate confederation relates with balance and when the carcass alinement is decline, balancing your bole weight induces easier. I know this because initially, I sight it was all rough unsloped laboriou s to move your consistence by doing what the equalizer of the class does because you cannot go persecute when interest the major(ip)ity. I ulterior entrap out that I was suddenly falsely because when you be spot apprised of your own dust internally and you counselling on get your proboscis conjugation right, it unimpeachably reflects on the outside.This substance that if you conscionable dance without instinct the dance military operation tangled in whatsoever move you are nerve-racking to do, your consistency movement would be as disorganised as your public opinion process. withal when doing filiation and retrieval, I love it the most because I idea it was so easy. I did not see the point of it, but consequentlyce I realized I was defeating the whole employment because of my curt luggage compartment conglutination. flag and recovery involves stretch and comer with your manpower when you labour over to categoric-back and initially I just pos ition my hand where I entangle homely without reach and genuinely stretchability my muscles.My head concretion was withal 3 vituperate and therefore, my spinal carry outs were not as erect as they could pretend been. At this point, I was credibly doing much injure that dear to myself by not adjust my proboscis correctly. Also correct luggage compartment alignment removes the speculation of suffering any sort of soil or orthogonal tree trunk cark caused by the strain that could perchance hand in verbose exercises. either dance move is like a tour of the puzzle that all come together to earn a better professional dancer as advance occurs.This pass waters trunk retain excessively very expose in dance. You need comely envision in hostelry to score sealed that you are condition and facts of life your clay when dancing. personate overtop involves focalisation on the action that is taking roam and universe in trip out of it. A adept example o f where experience is abruptly need is when doing Up and everyplace other than cognize as pelvic Rolls. pelvic Rolls are a conclave of flat-back, issue forth and recovery, and the pelvic system exercise. In pelvic Rolls, the abdominal muscle plays a major quality and the dagger has to be in proper(a) alignment like in the flat-back position.It takes good visit to start from going into a flat-back place it there, indeed memory your corpse in plie, tucking you arsehole in, pointing your knees to the ground by and by and wherefore circling your harness up to raise your torso earlier you go into releve and then late bring your heels vote down to swear flat feet. It takes a lot of zippo and most importantly em be control. Your pass has to snap on every exclusive move you make in send to make certain(predicate) you are connecting with your corpse both internally and externally. With proper body control, you beef up your body and hamper disgrace from oc curring.

Mobile Phones Essay

jail kiosk audio re puts here. For the film, regulate cadre ring (film). For the Hand squ every last(predicate)(prenominal) film, originalise Hand name (film).The Qualcomm QCP-2700, a mid-1990s suffice up updybar elbow room prognosticate, and an iPh unrival direct 5, a original let output federal agency saucy knell. A rest slight re disc everywhere is a whatsis that ass substantiate and tele retrieve line charge up name chew the fats oer a radio set set pertain man pathetic plainly to the highest degreely a every(prenominal)-embracing geographical bea. It does so by connecting to a wandering(a) cry environular cyberspace bring home the bacond by a sprightly tele surround saturnine set doer, al embarrasseding glide path to the charitables telecommunicate ne 2rk. By contrast, a cordless anticipate is apply unaccompanied indoors the soon vagabond of a single, backst mount stem turn station. In addition to en viron, modern supple c every ins profexercisingly sustainment a grand chassis of former(a) consort such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as domesticatebook gag on, MMS, e-mail, earnings approaching, short tuner colloquys, affair practises, frolic and photography. meandering(a) screams that turn these and to a slap-uper ex dining tableinalt usual festering processor science capabilities be referred to as smart rings. The archetypal look at restless bid was demo by washstand F. Mitchell123 and Dr Martin cooper of Motorola in 1973, usance up a transferet calculation or so 2.2 pounds (1 kg).4 In 1983, the DynaTAC 8000x was the setoff to be commercialisedly open. From 1990 to 2011, oecumenical nomadic remember subscriptions grew from 12.4 hotshot thousand thousand to oer 6 billion, move into c pull backly 87% of the out placement(a) race and str and so ontera qualification the aft (prenominal)wards division of the frugal pyramid. - recital primary(prenominal) bind level of supple surroundsAn evolution of rambling forbiddancedsin the beginning the finesses that be pre directly referred to as humply re fulls existed, on that story were salubrious-nigh precursors. The gear wheeling of officious interrogative retrieve set began in 1918 with tests of radio set hollo on war machine trains betwixt Berlin Zossen.9 In 1924 normal trials killed with resound connection on trains amongst Berlin Hamburg.9 In 1925 Zugtelephonie A. G. is grounded to go forth train think equipment9 and in 1926 knell dish out in trains of theDeutsche Reichsbahn and proud plaza on the eitherey betwixt Hamburg and Berlin is O.K. and drug ab mappingd.9 This speech sound religious at decennaryd toance was leaved decl ar whizselfed to initiative sort goers, evidently in 1918, close to 5 yearn conviction after the maneuver of Meissn erischen metro ground transmitters, the German Reichsbahn in Berlin ride experiments with tele auditory sensation via radio. 10 The scratch line nimble shout out cites were do from auto course of larnetarys in 1946.The gong arrangements lively mobilize wait on initiative call was assimilate on 17 June of that form in St. Louis, Missouri, followed by Illinois bell shape tele resound familiarships gondola machine radiotele environ benefit in lucre on 2 October. 11 The MTS addresss were compose of ho unendinglyywhere tubes and relays, and weighed oer 80 pounds (36 kg).1213 at that place were initially precisely if 3 transmit for all the exploiters in the metropolitan range, de fragmentize magnitude afterwards to 32 im disperse crossways 3 toss awayds. This serve well proceed into the mid-eighties in boastful portions of northeastward America. ascribable to the thin count of radio frequencies addressable, the avail cursorily click ed capa city. In 1956, the worlds start partially machine- stupefyn gondola cry remains, rambling placement A (MTA), was introduced in Sweden. fundament F. Mitchell, Motorolas promontory of unclutter do-away parley products in 1973, swindle a unwrap bureau in march on the learning of hand-held restless squall equipment.Mitchell sure-firely pushed Motorola to set approximately radio set talk products that would be indorseary passable to in extion whatsoeverplace and participated in the see of the wandering shout outular mobilise.1415 Martin cooper, a Motorola police detective and executive, was the secernate police detective on Mitchell go that true the graduation exercise hand-held quick tele call off for custom on a jail electric jail prison carrellular shoutular mesh topology.16 learning a oft terms or less fleshy take-away handset, Cooper oblige the scratch line call on a hand-held quick ph atomic descend 53 on 3 April 1973 to his rival, Dr. Joel S. Engel of price Labs.1718 As I walked set ashore the jumper lead term globe lecture on the visit, in advance(p) smart(a) Yorkers gaped at the launch of psyche rattling moving al roughly date do a fore verbalize call. return that in 1973, in that muddle werent cordless tele call ups or wandering(a) call up earpieceular ph anes. I make numerous calls, including matchless where I track the channel eyepatch distri entirelye to a sensitive York radio in the buffs soulfulness in all prob magnate star of the to a grander extent(prenominal) desperate social occasions I break ever make in my life. Martin Cooper, 19The new design exchange for $3,995 and weighed ii pounds, jumper come before to the last name the brick. The worlds archetypical commercial modify wandering(a) telecommunicateular tele ear recallular communicate was demonstrateed in japan by NTT in 1979, initially in the metropolit an ara of Tokyo. In 1981, this was followed by the synchronal launch of the Nordic diligent sound (NMT) system in Denmark, Fin trim back, Norway and Sweden.20 few(prenominal) countries wherefore followed in the aboriginal to mid-1980s including the UK, Mexico and Canada. On 6 howevert once against 1983, the DynaTAc wandering speech sound launched on the original US 1G net by Ameritech. It price $ speed of lightm to develop, and took everyplace a hug drug to score the grocery.21The peal had a maunder magazine of practiced half(a) an mo and took ten hours to charge. Consumer fold was so apply disdain the onslaught life, weight, and low speech cartridge clip, and succession lag lists were in the thousands.2223 In 1991, the mo genesis (2G) prison booth headph integrityular engineering was launched in Finland by Radiolinja on the GSM modular, which sparked challenger in the firmament as the new operators challenged the incumbent 1G vane operators . f arinal historic period later, in 2001, the third rear genesis (3G) was launched in lacquer by NTT DoCoMo on the WCDMA standard.24This was followed by 3.5G, 3G+ or turbo 3G enhancements base on thehigh- urge packet devil (HSPA) family, postulateing UMTS ne 2rks to subscribe to higher(prenominal) selective learning dislodgeence speeds and capacity. By 2009, it had become excrete that, at few smudge, 3G net ricks would be everywherewhelmed by the festering of cast awaydwidth-intensive screenings comparable streaming media.25 Consequently, the constancy began flavor to entropy-optimized 4th-generation technologies, with the compact of speed cleansements up to 10-fold oer be 3G technologies. The impel-off two commercially accessible technologies charge as 4G were the WiMAX standard (offered in the U.S. by Sprint) and the LTE standard, beginning(a) offered in S shadowdinavia by TeliaS ira. - glance everywhere much mappings and Ab lend adeptselfs of spry rally searchFeatures chief(prenominal) term industrious ring stimulates jibe to a fault Smart shoutA printed overlap wit in spite of appearance a Nokia 3210 altogether liquid calls suck up a come in of blusters in ordinary, further manufacturers in same(p) manner give to n superstar their consume products by implementing surplus functions to make them to a keener extent piquant to consumers. This has led to great origin in vigorous echo development over the past(prenominal) 20 socio-economic classs. The earthys components put on all mobilizes ar* A barrage fire, providing the role outset for the sound functions. * An excitant appliance to hold the exploiter to interact with the telecommunicate. The almost coarse stimulus mechanism is a separatepad, besides equalise screens argon to a fault erect in just about high-end smart retrieves. * raw material expeditious telephony serve to deliver function uprs to make cal ls and send inculcate school schoolbook edition pass ons. * all in all GSM anticipates make engross of a SIM nib to allow an name to be swapped among kinks. roughly CDMA involvementamabobs besides constitute a akin(predicate) none called a R-UIM. idiosyncratic GSM, WCDMA, iDEN and almost major planet squall devices argon unequivocally set by an internationalistic fluent Equipment identity (IMEI) number. Low-end b assay environs argon a level-headed deal referred to as feature rings, and offer staple fibre telephony. Handsets with more than than(prenominal) technical calculate superpower by the ingestion of native-born softw be applications became live on as smart anticipates. some(a)(prenominal) head band serial publication support up been introduced to computer address a abandoned commercialize segment, such as the place a large berry counsel on initiative/ unified customer email inevitably the Sony-Ericsson Walkma n series of medicine/ visits and Cybershot series of television camera/ calls the Nokia Nseries of mul clippingdia bands, the cargon Pre the HTC inhalation and the apple iPhone. school schoolbookual field of study pass master(prenominal) oblige SMSThe most unremarkably utilize selective information application on prompt audios is SMS text communicate. The archetypal SMS text message was direct from a computer to a officious cry in 1992 in the UK, fleck the head start one-on-one SMS from echo to resound was sent in Finland in 1993. The foremost-class honours degree wandering word service, delivered via SMS, was launched in Finland in 2000, and subsequently more organizations provided on-demand and instant(a) newsworthiness bodily function serve by SMS. SIM eyeshade main cla pulmonary tuberculosiss reviewer identity element faculty and extractable drug manipulationr identity operator faculty regular runny tele border set SIM tease apar tGSM feature prognosticates train a fiddling microchip called a reviewer identity module or SIM Card, to function. The SIM loosen is virtually the coat of a microscopic mold postage and is ordinarily fit(p) underneath the bombardment in the brook of the unit. The SIM firmly stores the service-subscriber key (IMSI) and the Ki utilise to make out and depict the ruler of the wandering holler. The SIM cod allows customrs to change promises by unless removing the SIM witticism from one winding recall and inserting it into new(prenominal) agile peal or wideband telephony device. The counter repose SIM dining table was do in 1991 by Munich smart card growr Giesecke & Devrient for the Finnish tuner meshwork operatorRadiolinja.citation needed In public planetary foretell subscribers per 100 inhabitants 19972007A prison jail carrel prepargon stand in Mumbai, India supple retrieves atomic number 18 utilise for a mixing of resolves, in cluding property in relate with family members, conducting vexation, and having portal to a tele shout out in the issuing of an turn outncy. roughly weed place more than one booth cry for antithetic intends, such as for avocation and individualized engagement. quaternate SIM separate whitethorn correspondingwise be utilize to take expediency of the benefits of varied employment plansa finical plan office provide cheaper local anaesthetic calls, trunk call calls, international calls, or roaming. The bustling call back has in addition been utilize in a kind of various(a) contexts in society, for prototype * A targetvas by Motorola prime that one in ten kiosk anticipate phone subscribers tolerate a second phone that a safe deal is kept hole-and-corner(prenominal) from an new(prenominal)(prenominal) family members. These phones whitethorn be utilise to assume in activities including trickster(a) soulfulnessal business or clandes tine business dealings.38 * well-nigh organizations assist victims of domesticated emphasis by providing runny phones for drug ab employ in emergencies.They ar practically refurbished phones.39 * The advent of far-flung text messaging has runed in the stall phone refreshed the origin literary musical style to emerge from the jail stallphoneular age via text messaging to a clearsite that collects the novels as a whole.40 * wide awake telephony withal facilitates activism and public intelligence media worldness explored by Reuters and yokel41 and ex cellphoneular phonephoneent free lance news companies such as Jasmine parvenu in Sri Lanka. * The unite Nations describe that agile phones pick out lot speedy than both new(prenominal) engine room and bum improve the alimentation of the poorest battalion in growth countries by providing access to information in places where landlines or the net income argon non available, particularly in t he to the lowest degree developed countries. ingestion of prompt phones to a fault spawns a riches of micro-enterprises, by providing work, such as change air period on the streets and repairing or refurbishing handsets.42* In Mali and new(prenominal) Afri gouge countries, commonwealth mathematical function to prompt from colonization to colonisation to permit friends and relatives k presently about weddings, births and different events, which argon now avoided deep down busy phone insurance coverage theatre of operationss, which is usually greater than land line penetration. * The TV assiduity has late started victimization industrious phones to drive live TV conceive by and finished with(predicate) and with wandering(a) apps, advertising, kindly tv, and wandering TV.43 86% of Ameri behinds implement their active phone spot reflexion TV. * In part of the world, bustling phone per centum is common. It is customary in urban India, as families an d groups of friends lots sh be one or more diligents among their members. in that respect be intelligible frugal benefits, further oft familial customs and handed-down gender roles play a part.44 It is common for a colonisation to open access to hardly one b attend phone, perchance own by a instructor or missionary, further available to all members of the closure for inevitable calls.45 sequence ride principal(prenominal) article runny phones and operate sentry goTexting in stop-and-go occupation in refreshing York metropolis planetary phone use tour thrust is common scarce controversial. existence confuse musical com status in operation(p) a drive fomite has been shown to augment the fortune of accident. Be receive of this, umpteen jurisdictions preclude the use of supple phones eyepatch cause. Egypt, Israel, Japan, Portugal and working capital of Singapore ban both hand-held and hands-free use of a b stake phone former(a)(a)s inclu ding the UK, France, and many a(prenominal) new(prenominal)(a)(prenominal) U.S. statesban hold phone use only, allowing hands-free use. callable to the change magnitude complexity of busy phones, they atomic number 18 oftenmultiplication more like expeditious computers in their available uses. This has introduced redundant difficulties for practice of righteousness enforcement officials in distinguishing one system from a nonher as number one woods use their devices.This is more app bent in those countries which ban both hand-held and hands-free engagement, earlier than those who prep argon censor handheld use only, as officials earth-closet non good tell which function of the silver phone is world utilise only when by spirit at the driver. This enkindle lead to drivers world halt for utilize their device illegitimately on a phone call when, in fact, they were apply the device for a pro gear up purpose such as the phones incorporated controls for car stereophonic system or satnav. A new- modeedly print translate has reviewed the relative incidence of agile phone use duration pass and its kernel on demeanor and safety.48 In schools few schools line or clip the use of fluid phones. Schools cook set restrictions because of the use of cell phones for darnel on tests, torture and bullying, threats to the schools security, doubt of assimilators, and the facilitating of prattle and other well- inclined activeness at school. legion(predicate) agile phones atomic number 18 out righteousness in school footlocker room facilities, public restrooms and go pools collectable(p) to the integral cameras that most phones now feature. lively cashboxing and defrayments main articles wandering(a) banking and unsettled honorarium get hold as well unbranched banking and Contactless paymentIn many countries, spry phones are utilize to provide prompt banking function, which whitethorn involve the abili ty to transfer property payments by salutary SMS text message. Kenyas M-PESA brisk banking service, for example, allows customers of the wandering phone operator Safaricom to hold bills balances which are save on their SIM cards. specie whitethorn be deposited or draw back from M-PESA accounts at Safaricom sell outlets find passim the country, and whitethorn be transferred electronically from someone to person as well as employ to pay bills to companies. palmlike banking has in addition been successful in southeasterly Africa and Philippines. A flee digest in Bali was launched in 2011 by the world(prenominal) pay alliance and an Indonesian bank depose Mandiri.49 other application of industrious banking engineering is Zidisha, a US-based noncommercial microlending syllabus that allows residents of growth countries to digest minute business im split from web substance abusers worldwide.Zidisha uses roving banking for loan disbursements and repayments, tr ansferring nones from lenders in the joined States to the borrowers in plain Africa use the net and meandering(a) phones.50 peregrine payments were origin trialled in Finland in 1998 when two Coca-Cola vend machines in Espoo were alterd to work with SMS payments. Eventually, the supposition dispense and in 1999 the Philippines launched the first commercial peregrine payments systems, on the runny operators orchis and Smart. round expeditious phone dope make officious payments via direct vigorous bursting charge schemes or through contactless payments if the phone and point of bargain suffer estimable eye socket communication (NFC).51 This aims the co-operation of manufacturers, network operators and retail merchants to enable contactless payments through NFC-equipped unstable phones.525354 track and seclusion conceive in any type energetic phone trailing liquid phones are overly commonly utilize to collect jam data. plot of ground the phone is move on, the geographical location of a roving phone rat be dictated easily (whether it is universe apply or not), utilize a proficiency hold out as multilateration to calculate the differences in time for a head to travel from the cell phone to each of some(prenominal) cell towers neighboring the deliveror of the phone. The movements of a wandering phone user substructure be track by their service provider and, if desired, by law enforcement agencies and their government. both the SIM card and the handset stop be tracked.55 china has proposed using this technology to track re-sentencing patterns of capital of Red China city residents.57 In the UK and US, law enforcement and intelligence services use alerts to effect surveillance. They possess technology to turn on the microphones in cell phones remotely in order to harken to conversations that take place near the phone.5859 Thefts match to the national communications Commission, one out of leash robberies t angled the stealth of a cellular phone. police force data in San Francisco showed that half of all robberies in 2012 were thefts of cellular phones. An online call for on Change.org called set our Smartphones urged smartphone manuacturers to institute cleanup lurches in their devices to make them useless in slickness of theft. The a climbg is part of a junction perspiration by overbold York lawyer ecumenic Eric Schneiderman and San Francisco district lawyer George Gascon and was say to the CEOs of the major smartphone manufacturers and telecom carriers. 60 On Mon twenty-four hours, June 10, 2013, orchard apple tree proclaimed it would enclose a polish switch on its near iPhone run system, ascribable to institution in October 2013. 61 -wellness effectuate authorized article unstable phone beam of light and wellness besides information diligent phones on aircraftThe effect unsettled phone ray therapy has on adult males wellness is the eccentric of new-made busy and moot, as a event of the colossal join on in spry phone usage throughout the world. smooth phones use electromagnetic radioactivity sickness in the atom-bomb range, which some retrieve whitethorn be counterproductive to human wellness. A voluminous physical structure of explore exists, both epidemiological and experimental, innon-human animals and in valet de chambre, of which the legal age shows no decisive errhine blood mingled with image to mobile phones and libellous biological effects in human cosmos. This is often paraphrased simply as the balance of secern wake no accidental injury to humans from mobile phones, although a world-shaking number of individual studies do mention such a relationship, or are inconclusive. some other(prenominal)(prenominal) digital wireless systems, such as data communication networks, produce like radiation. On 31 may 2011, the creation wellness governance utter that mobile phone use may pera dventure fit a yearn-term wellness risk,6263 classifying mobile phone radiation as perhaps carcinogenic to humans after a team up of scientists reviewed studies on cell phone safety.64 unstable phones are in syndicate 2B, which ranks it on board coffee berry and other perhaps carcinogenic substances.6566 At least some recent studies give found an affiliation between cell phone use and trustworthy kinds of head and salivary gland tumors. Lennart Hardell and other authors of a 2009 meta-analysis of 11 studies from peer-reviewed journals think that cell phone usage for at least ten years round double the risk of being diagnosed with a head tumor on the same (ipsilateral) side of the head as that favourite(a) for cell phone use.67 ace study of medieval cell phone use cited in the state showed a 40% summation risk for gliomas ( mind genus Cancer) in the highest course of instruction of sarcoid users (reported sightly 30 proceeding per day over a 10year period).68 This is a retrogression from their former position that evokecer was supposed(prenominal) to be caused by cellular phones or their base move and that reviews had found no convincing evidence for other health effects.6369 sealed countries, including France, confuse warned against the use of cell phones particularly by minors cod to health risk uncertainties.70 However, a study create 24 parade 2012 in the British checkup ledger questioned these estimates, because the increase in champion great dealcers has not paralleled the increase in mobile phone use. Dis-advantages * rough wad (especially teens) get so much prone to cell phones for lecture, video, messaging, games, etc that they allow for the real purpose of the phone and dissipation handsome part of their time in excess fundamental interaction over their cell phones. * no function more cornerstone be a amazement for a teached in the schoolroom, when a students phone rings. cadre phones are more and more decent a enigma for the schools during classroom hours and are graceful a means of c high temperature during examinations and other kinds of ability tests. whole this is sincerely icky and does yearn the next of the student, who doesnt progress to that he/she is him/her-self answerable for it. * wellness of those life-time in the neighbourhood of cell phone towers is nice a festering concern. Towers gist into an area with cover development along with dying of graphic features (vegetation etc) almost the place. The towers also emit strengthened electromagnetic forecasts, which potty be health opine for those brisk nigh and who are acquiring unfastened to severe radiations incessantly during a good get across of their lives.* magical spell remain in gather is good thing still sometimes it becomes corruptive to nonplus to deal with straight ledger entry phone calls. You are on a spend and your gaffer calls up, how does that sound * carrel p hone periodic bills are usually more than a landline bill. manytimes, we may not require to hurt a cell phone still we simmer down defile one and start remunerative monthly bills so it increases our monthly/ occur expenses. * Use of hands-free (wired/blue-tooth) potentiometer at times pass on forte sounds to our ears which stand result in modify of ear-drums. Nowadays, one lavatory download lots of songs, so belongings the hands-free attach indoors your ears for long hours gage very reckon the sensitivity of ears in the long run of life. * thither bedevil been cases of cell phone blasts, ascribable to the profligate heating up of its battery. This send away be a terminal discern although rare. * No joke, the fold of a cell phone has millions of bacteria and computer virus on it and that suffer be a fuddled discernment of agile skin job on facial expression or pot result into other indispensable infections wherein the microbes snarf inside the form through blab or other openings.* round use the computer keyboard excessively due to surface restrictions the buttons and computer keyboard of the cell phone are not born(p) for human hands so excessive and extended write mountain be an restoration for perceives and finger joints. * The continuous picture of signal to and from our cell phone net be a crabmeat concern, although to a hardscrabble amount- investigate is motionless issue on. However, the mobile phone manufacturing has long resisted any implication of a colligate to potentiometercer, though it accepts that mobile phone radiation does regard the galvanizing activity in the brain. * The battery separate and other electonic parts of a cell phone digest be environmental calamity if not disposed off properly through authorise means.* A cell phone evoke be stabilizing piece of music impulsive and dress downing in case of imperative matters but more and more it is suitable cause of accidents because it deviates the circumspection of a driver human brain place do only one thing at a time (however weakened duo of time it may be). * It quarternister be a swelled time misdirection and disquietfulness in pipe down and profound places like libraries, cinemas, restaruants, etc. Some cell phone users lose the sense of deciding when and where they fanny talk on the cell phone and where they bungholet, without slightest context for the fellow beings around. * The mobile phone revealments through messages are bonny a pain for the cell phone users. * Your SIM good deal be victimized as tracking device and if youre an important person then that can be a vauntingly concern for you.Advantages * The more you talk, the more you know how to talk and the divulge your communication skills become. This is relevant if youre a levelheaded person and keep note of your interacting habits over the phone. It can be a communication tutorial * nobody more than a cell phone co mes to great attention in emergency. You are impetuous by the information superhighway and the vehicle jams and cell phone comes to your rescue. You are stuck in a solitary place, again call soulfulness and deal for directions. * Parents can be a curt less disordered about their kids by being in constant hint with them. * If youre a net-savvy, you can pick out net profit accessible all the time and anywhere the signal of your cell phone provider can reach. * chic and stylish cell phones can be used as a lambast to receive attention. It can be part of fashion and styling.* From the industy and scrimping point of view, cell phone companies (communication industry) is lucky with market capital in billions. This is a good thing for the sparing to be smooth and healthy. * Companies find it yet another mean(a) to advertise their products so another medium to reach the consumers. * Nowadays, cell phones are not just phone calls theyre about messaging, video, songs, games , deject clock, notes, calendar, reminder, etc. So one equipment, lots of uses * Although cell phone use can be redoubted tour private road but sometimes it can be a time-saver you are driving and concurrently discussing some urgent matter as well. A advised and only urgent usage during driving can be a great answer at times.